Fault Monitoring of Electromagnetic Vibration Damping System Based on Magnetic Flux Density Signals
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摘要:
当前电磁减振系统故障诊断方面的研究大多基于力学特征（位移信号或加速度信号）展开，而对系统内部磁场信号变化的研究相对较少. 本文以霍尔传感器检测的磁场信号为条件，基于考虑直线电机式电磁减振系统服役状态过程中各故障对气隙磁密信号的影响，对电磁减振系统有限元建模，并分析、探讨故障监测. 首先，对直线电机式电磁减振系统进行磁路分析，建立等效磁路模型，分析各故障对气隙磁密信号影响条件；然后，采用Maxwell电磁仿真平台建立电磁减振系统仿真模型，研究电磁减振系统不同故障下气隙磁场的磁通密度信号参数变化规律；最后，通过获取各故障条件下检测得到的电磁减振系统时频域故障特征信息，使用集合经验模态分解（EEMD）对信号频域特征信息进行经验模态分解，对比分析时频域特征信息，实现对各故障的监测. 研究结果表明：系统正常状态下时域峭度值为1.6，失磁及偏心故障状态下的时域峭度值分别为2.5、6.5，其频域评价指标较正常状态有不同幅度的变化，并通过实验验证了故障监测方法的有效性.
Abstract:Most existing fault diagnosis studies for electromagnetic vibration damping systems rely on mechanical signals such as displacement or acceleration signals, while relatively few studies focus on the changes in internal magnetic field signals. Magnetic field signals detected by the Hall sensor were used as the basis. By considering the effects of various faults during the service process of a linear motor-type electromagnetic vibration damping system on the air gap magnetic flux density signals, a finite element model of the electromagnetic vibration damping system was established, and fault monitoring was analyzed. First, a magnetic circuit analysis of the linear motor-type electromagnetic vibration damping system was carried out; an equivalent magnetic circuit model was established, and the conditions under which various faults affected the air gap magnetic flux density signals were analyzed. Then, a simulation model of the electromagnetic vibration damping system was established using the Maxwell electromagnetic simulation platform to study the variation patterns of magnetic flux density signal parameters in the air gap under different fault conditions. Finally, fault characteristic information in the time and frequency domains was obtained under various fault conditions. Ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) was applied to the frequency-domain feature information, and the time-frequency domain characteristics were compared to achieve fault monitoring. The results show that the time-domain kurtosis value is 1.6 under normal conditions, while the values are 2.5 and 6.5 under demagnetization and eccentricity fault conditions, respectively. The frequency-domain evaluation indicators exhibit different degrees of variation compared with those under normal conditions, and the effectiveness of the fault monitoring method is verified through experiments.
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图 2 电磁减振器三维电磁耦合模型
Figure 2. Three-dimensional electromagnetic coupling model of electromagnetic vibration absorber
图 5 减振系统磁密云图及磁力线分布
Figure 5. Magnetic flux density cloud diagram and magnetic field line distribution of vibration damping system
图 6 不同负载下径向气隙磁密对比
Figure 6. Comparison of radial air gap magnetic flux densities under different loads
图 7 失磁系数0.5时不同负载下径向气隙磁密对比
Figure 7. Comparison of radial air gap magnetic flux densities under different loads at demagnetization coefficient of 0.5
图 8 不同失磁程度下径向气隙磁密对比
Figure 8. Comparison of radial air gap magnetic flux densities under different demagnetization degrees
图 10 不同失磁程度故障峭度变化
Figure 10. Changes in kurtosis under different demagnetization faults
图 12 失磁故障与正常状态高频分量与低频分量对比
Figure 12. Comparison of high-frequency and low-frequency components under demagnetization fault and normal condition
图 13 静偏心故障与正常状态高频分量与低频分量对比
Figure 13. Comparison of high-frequency and low-frequency components under static eccentricity fault and normal condition
图 14 斜偏心故障与正常状态高频分量和低频分量对比
Figure 14. Comparison of high-frequency and low-frequency components under inclined eccentricity fault and normal condition
图 15 混合偏心故障与正常状态高频分量和低频分量对比
Figure 15. Comparison of high-frequency and low-frequency components under mixed eccentricity fault and normal condition
图 16 失磁故障与正常状态推力谐波对比
Figure 16. Comparison of thrust harmonics under demagnetization fault and normal condition
图 17 静偏心故障与正常状态推力谐波对比
Figure 17. Comparison of thrust harmonics under static eccentricity fault and normal condition
图 18 斜偏心故障与正常状态推力谐波对比
Figure 18. Comparison of thrust harmonics under inclined eccentricity fault and normal condition
图 19 混合偏心故障与正常状态推力谐波对比
Figure 19. Comparison of thrust harmonics under mixed eccentricity fault and normal condition
图 20 电磁减振器故障实验样机
Figure 20. Experimental prototype for electromagnetic vibration absorber fault
图 21 混合偏心故障正常状态高频分量与低频分量对比
Figure 21. Comparison of high-frequency and low-frequency components under mixed eccentricity fault and normal condition at different vibration frequencies
表 1 电磁减振器设计参数
Table 1. Design parameters of electromagnetic vibration absorber
参数名称 数值 初级长度/mm 126 初级外径/mm 100 次级长度/mm 360 槽数 12 极对数 5 极距/mm 12 气隙/mm 1.5 
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表 2 各故障与正常状态高频分量与低频分量最大值对比
Table 2. Comparison of maximum values of high-frequency and low-frequency components under various faults and normal condition
故障分类 高频分量最值
变化/%低频分量最值
变化/%永磁体失磁 −52 −46 静偏心故障 −1 20 斜故障 5 10 混合偏心故障 68 104
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表 3 霍尔传感器参数
Table 3. Hall sensor parameters
项目 WSH138 灵敏度/（mv·Gs−1） 8.3 工作电流/mA $ \leqslant 5 $ 检测范围/Gs $ \pm $ 200
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表 4 偏心故障霍尔信号时域峭度值变化对比
Table 4. Comparison of time-domain kurtosis values of Hall signal with eccentricity fault
项目 4 Hz下峭度值变化 5 Hz下峭度值变化 阈值 正常状态 2.29 2.59 3.2 偏心故障 3.76 3.37 3.2
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