Fast Quantitative Diagnosis Method for Early-Stage Internal Short Circuit in Lithium Battery Pack under Floating Charge Conditions
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摘要:
锂离子电池的浮充工况广泛存在于备用电源、通讯基站等场景，是一种状态趋于稳定的特殊工况；然而，这种稳定性却对该工况下电池内短路定量诊断带来挑战. 本文提出一种基于间歇式充电的锂离子电池组早期内短路定量诊断方法，该方法利用重复的“充电-断电”过程，根据充电电量与漏电量的关系计算出等效漏电流，实现内短路的快速定量诊断. 仿真与实验结果表明：对于500 Ω级别的电池微短路，所提出方法的诊断误差小于2%，检测时间约为33 min，实现对浮充电工况下电池内短路的早期高精度定量诊断；在诊断100 Ω级别中，所提出方法相较于常规恒压源方法内短路的精度提高超16倍以上，且计算负担非常低，对提高电池组安全性具有重要意义.
Abstract:The floating charge condition of lithium-ion batteries widely exists in scenarios such as backup power sources and communication base stations, and is a special condition that tends to stabilize. This stability poses a challenge to the quantitative diagnosis of internal short circuit (ISC) in batteries under this condition. In this study, a quantitative diagnosis method for early ISC in lithium-ion battery packs based on intermittent charging was proposed. This method utilized a repeated “charging-rest” process to calculate the equivalent leakage current according to the relationship between charging capacity and leakage, thereby achieving rapid quantitative diagnosis of ISC. The simulation and experimental results show that the proposed method has a diagnostic accuracy of less than 2% and a detection time of about 33 minutes for a micro-ISC battery with an ISC resistance of 500 Ω. It achieves early-stage and high-precision quantitative diagnosis of battery ISC under floating charge conditions. In addition, compared with conventional constant voltage source methods, the proposed method improves the accuracy of diagnosing short circuits within 100 Ω by at least 16 times. The proposed ISC method has a very low computational burden and is of great significance for improving the safety of battery packs.
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图 2 基于间歇式充电的内短路检测原理
Figure 2. Principle of ISC detection based on intermittent charging
图 5 电池组仿真结果 （100 Ω内短路电阻）
Figure 5. Battery pack simulation results （100 Ω ISC resistance）
图 8 不同阻值下ISC实验结果
Figure 8. Experimental results of ISC under different resistance values
表 1 不同内短路程度下漏电流与内短路阻值估计结果
Table 1. Estimation results of leakage current and ISC resistance under different degrees of ISC
外接阻值/Ω I1/mA I2/mA I3/mA Ileak/mA 阻值估计
结果/Ω误差/% 55 60.3 60.3 62.5 61.0 57.1 3.86 100 34.6 34.2 33.5 34.1 102.1 2.10 200 17.3 16.4 17.4 17.0 204.5 2.24 300 11.3 11.6 11.5 11.5 303.8 1.28 500 7.0 7.3 7.0 7.1 491.0 1.79 
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表 2 内短路阻值与诊断时间之间的关系
Table 2. Relationship between ISC resistance and diagnostic time
外接阻
值/Ωt1/s t2/s 最小检测
时间/s占空比 55 32.2 225.5 257.7 0.137 100 30.2 408.4 438.6 0.075 200 29.3 811.2 833.2 0.036 300 28.3 1203.4 1231.7 0.023 500 28.8 1950.3 1979.1 0.014
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表 3 恒压源法诊断电池内短路结果
Table 3. Results of ISC diagnosis in battery by constant voltage source method
短路阻值/Ω 电流滤波结果 漏电流/A 阻值诊断
结果/Ω诊断误
差/%I1/A I2/A 10 1.58759 1.89699 0.30940 11.150 11.5 20 1.58337 1.74219 0.15882 21.720 8.6 50 1.58456 1.66968 0.08512 40.531 18.9 100 1.58577 1.63719 0.05142 67.095 32.9
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