飞机滑行荷载对跑道桩网复合地基影响的数值分析

蔡靖; 张博硕; 范怡飞; 周鹏

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0258-2724.20230692

飞机滑行荷载对跑道桩网复合地基影响的数值分析

doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-2724.20230692

蔡靖^{1, 2,},
张博硕¹,
范怡飞^1, ,,
周鹏³

1.
中国民航大学交通科学与工程学院，天津 300300
2.
民航机场智能建造与工业化工程技术研究中心，天津 300456
3.
华东交通大学土木与建筑学院，江西南昌 330013

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金资助项目（52308352）；天津科技创新引导专项（基金）（25YDTPJC00370），天津市交通运输科技面上项目（2025-70）；中央高校基金项目（KJZ53420210065）；

详细信息

作者简介:
蔡靖，女，1975年生，教授. 主要从事机场岩土工程方面的研究 Email：caijing75@163.com

通讯作者:
范怡飞，女，1993年生，讲师. 主要从事机场岩土工程方面的研究 Email：15620063315@163.com

中图分类号: TU443
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出版历程
- 网络出版日期: 2025-11-04

Numerical Analysis of Influence of Aircraft Taxiing Load on Pile-Net Composite Foundation in Runway

CAI Jing^{1, 2
,},
ZHANG Boshuo¹,
FAN Yifei^{1
, ,},
ZHOU Peng³

1.
College of Transportation Science and Engineering, Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin 300300, China
2.
Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Construction and Industrialization, CAAC, Tianjin 300456, China
3.
School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang 330013, China

摘要

摘要:
桩网复合地基可以有效降低道路工程工后沉降，近年来常用于对我国沿海机场飞行区的跑道和机坪系统进行地基处理. 然而，目前关于桩网复合地基的研究多集中于工前静承载特性，缺乏跑道下地基工前沉降完成后，飞机滑行荷载作用对跑道桩网复合地基影响的定量评价研究. 本文通过改变填土层厚度、桩间距、飞机机型等参数，基于动载影响系数、工后差异沉降比和土拱度退化系数等指标，利用有限元软件ABAQUS对飞机滑行荷载作用下跑道桩网复合地基的受力变形特性进行数值分析，量化飞机滑行荷载对跑道桩网复合地基承载和沉降特性的影响. 研究表明：当填土层厚度由4.5 m减小至1.5 m时，土拱削弱约3.3%至15.1%；当桩间距由6 d减小至3 d时，土拱削弱约7.8%至12%，软土层位置处的工后差异沉降比可能超过规范建议值；填土层厚度越小、桩间距和飞机重量越大、起落架荷载越集中，飞机滑行荷载作用后的土拱弱化越明显.
- 跑道 /
- 桩网复合地基 /
- 滑行荷载 /
- 土拱效应 /
- 沉降比
Abstract:
The pile-net composite foundation can effectively reduce the post-construction settlement in road engineering, and has often been used for ground improvement for runway and apron systems in the airfield of coastal airports in China recently. However, the available research on the pile-net composite foundation is mostly focused on the bearing characteristics before construction, lacking research to quantitatively evaluate the influence of aircraft taxiing loads on the bearing characteristics of the pile-net composite foundation in the runway. Therefore, the parameters such as the thickness of the fill layer, the spacing between piles, and the type of aircraft were changed. In addition, based on the dynamic load influence coefficient, the differential settlement ratio after construction, and the degradation coefficient of soil arch, the finite element software ABAQUS was used, and a numerical analysis of the mechanical deformation characteristics of the pile-net composite foundation in the runway under the influence of aircraft taxiing load was conducted. The influence of aircraft taxiing load on the bearing and settlement characteristics of the pile-net composite foundation in the runway was quantified. The results show that when the thickness of the fill layer decreases from 4.5 m to 1.5 m, the soil arching effect is weakened by about 3.3% to 15.1%. When the spacing between piles decreases from 6 d to 3 d, the soil arching effect is weakened by about 7.8% to 12%. The differential settlement ratio after construction at the location of the soft soil layer may exceed the recommended value of the code. As the fill layer becomes thinner, the pile spacing and aircraft weight are greater; the main gear load is more concentrated, and the soil arching effect becomes weaker.
- runway /
- pile-net composite foundation /
- taxiing load /
- soil arching effect /
- settlement ratio

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图 1 桩网复合地基跑道立面示意

Figure 1. Schematic diagram of pile-net composite foundation in runway

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图 3 土拱效应示意

Figure 3. Schematic diagram of soil arching effect

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图 6 飞机-道面相互作用功率谱

Figure 6. Power spectrum of aircraft-pavement interaction

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图 2 受力分析示意图

Figure 2. Schematic diagram of force analysis

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图 4 飞机单轮振动模型

Figure 4. Single-wheel vibration model of aircraft

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图 5 飞机-道面相互作用时域曲线

Figure 5. Time-domain curve of aircraft-pavement interaction

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图 7 荷载时域曲线图

Figure 7. Load time domain graph

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图 8 标准工况下动载前后桩间土沉降

Figure 8. Soil settlement between piles before and after dynamic loading under standard conditions

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图 9 填土层厚度对桩间土沉降的影响

Figure 9. Effect of fill layer thickness on soil settlement between piles

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图 10 不同填土层厚度下桩间土沉降云图

Figure 10. Soil settlement cloud diagram between piles under different fill layer thicknesses

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图 13 不同桩间距下桩间土沉降云图

Figure 13. Soil settlement cloud diagram between piles under different spacing between piles

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图 11 填土层厚度对差异沉降的影响

Figure 11. Effect of fill layer thickness on differential settlement

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图 12 桩间距对桩间土总沉降的影响

Figure 12. Effect of spacing between piles on total soil settlement between piles

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图 14 桩间距对差异沉降的影响

Figure 14. Effect of pile spacing on differential settlement

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图 15 机型对桩间土沉降的影响

Figure 15. Effect of types of aircrafts on soil settlement between piles

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图 17 机型对差异沉降的影响

Figure 17. Effect of model on differential settlement

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图 16 不同机型下桩间土沉降云图

Figure 16. Soil settlement cloud diagram between piles under different types of aircrafts

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表 1 亚塑性模型参数

Table 1. Hypoplastic model parameters

参数	数值
临界状态摩擦角Φ_c/（°）	33
颗粒硬度h₁/GPa	1
无量纲参数n	0.28
最小孔隙比e_d0	0.55
临界孔隙比e_c0	0.95
最大孔隙比e_i0	1.05
无量纲参数α	0.25
无量纲参数β	1.5
控制初始加载及应变路径180°反转时的初始刚度的参数m_R	5
控制应变路径90°反转时的初始刚度的参数m_T	2
应变空间中弹性范围R	0.000 1
控制刚度随应变变化的减少率的参数β_r	0.5
控制刚度随应变变化的减少速率的参数χ	6

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表 2 加载前数值模拟与理论计算结果对比

Table 2. Comparison of numerical simulation and theoretical calculation results before loading

类别	$ \rho $	$ \delta $/m
数值模拟	0.34	0.005
理论计算	0.36	0.008

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表 3 不同模拟工况

Table 3. Different simulation conditions

工况	h_s/m	s	机型
1	1.5	3 d	B737-800
2	4.5	3 d	B737-800
3	3.0	5 d	B737-800
4	3.0	6 d	B737-800
5	3.0	3 d	A320
6	3.0	3 d	B757-200

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表 4 加载前后土拱度及退化参数

Table 4. Soil arch ratio and degradation parameters before and after loading

填土层厚度/m	$ {\rho _{{\text{ini}}}} $	$ {\rho _{load}} $	$ {\alpha _3} $/%
1.5	0.27	0.38	15.1
3.0	0.34	0.42	12.0
4.5	0.4	0.42	3.3

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表 5 加载前后土拱度及退化参数

Table 5. Soil arch ratio and degradation parameters before and after loading

桩间距	$ {\rho _{{\text{ini}}}} $	$ {\rho _{load}} $	$ {\alpha _3} $/%
3 d	0.34	0.42	12.0
5 d	0.32	0.37	7.4
6 d	0.36	0.41	7.8

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表 6 各机型参数

Table 6. Parameters for each type of aircraft

机型	飞机重量/kN	分配系数	起落架个数/个	主起落架间距/m	起落架形式
B737-800	663.8	0.95	2	5.72	单轴双轮
A320	645.0	0.95	2	7.60	双轴双轮
B757-200	952.5	0.95	2	7.32	双轴双轮

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表 7 不同机型加载前后土拱度及退化参数

Table 7. Soil arch and degradation parameters before and after loading of different types of aircrafts

机型	$ {\rho _{{\text{ini}}}} $	$ {\rho _{load}} $	$ {\alpha _3} $/%
B737-800	0.34	0.42	12.0
A320	0.43	0.46	5.3
B757-200	0.43	0.49	0.53

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