Optimization of 60 kg/m Rail Profile Based on Improving Wheel-Rail Conformal Degree
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摘要:
重载铁路及客货共线铁路运营条件下，轮轨磨耗问题尤为突出. 为了有效减缓轮轨磨耗发展，以不同接触条件下轮轨廓形共形度最优为原则，设计目标函数及约束条件，建立钢轨廓形非线性优化数学模型，并基于序列二次规划法进行求解，提出60 kg/m钢轨廓形的优化方案；从轮轨接触几何关系、车辆-轨道系统动力作用、磨耗的角度对优化廓形的优化效果进行了对比分析. 结果表明：1） 所提出的60 kg/m钢轨优化廓形相对于原始廓形使目标函数值降低了50%，与LM车轮廓形具有更高的共形度水平；2） 优化廓形的轮轨接触点分布更为均匀，在轮对横移量较小的条件下轮径差更小，在轮对横移较大的条件下轮径差更大；3） 优化廓形对车辆运行安全性和平稳性无显著影响，可有效增大轮轨接触面积达11.24%，降低接触应力达20.42%，减缓轮轨磨耗发生发展速率.
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关键词:
- 60 kg/m钢轨廓形 /
- 非线性优化 /
- 轮轨共形度 /
- 轮轨接触几何 /
- 车辆-轨道系统动力学
Abstract:Under the operation conditions of mixed passenger and freight railways as well as heavy haul railways, wheel/rail wear problem is particularly prominent. In order to slow down the growth of wheel/rail wear, the 60 kg/m rail profile is optimized. The objective function and constraint conditions are determined with the principle of optimizing the conformal degree of wheel-rail profiles under different contact conditions. Then, a nonlinear optimization model of the rail profile is established. The sequential quadratic programming method is adopted to solve this optimization model, and an optimization scheme of 60 kg/m rail profile is proposed. The effect of the optimized profile is compared and analyzed from the perspective of wheel-rail contact geometry, vehicle-track system dynamic interaction, and wear. The results show that: 1) the proposed optimized profile of 60 kg/m rail reduces the objective function value by 50%, compared with the original profile, and has higher conformal level with the LM wheel profile. 2) The distribution of wheel-rail contact points is more uniformly distributed on the optimized profile. The rolling radius difference is smaller when there is a small wheelset lateral displacement, and larger when there is a large wheelset lateral displacement. 3) The optimized profile has no significant influence on vehicle safety and comfort, and can effectively increase the wheel-rail contact area by 11.24%, reduce the contact stress by 20.42%, and slow down the occurrence and growth rate of wheel-rail wear.
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表 1 动力学计算结果
Table 1. Results of dynamics computation
项目 脱轨系数 车体加速度/
（m·s−2）接触斑面积/mm2 接触应
力/MPa磨耗功率/kW 原始
廓形0.141 0.679 169 1910 0.523 优化
廓形0.142 0.670 188 1520 0.458 偏差/% 0.71 −1.33 11.24 −20.42 −12.43 
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