Uneven Wear of Running Wheel Tires of Straddle Monorail Train
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摘要:
为了优化跨座式单轨列车走行轮轮胎不均匀磨损性能，在运行工况分析基础上建立了走行轮轮胎有限元模型；结合走行轮磨损特性评价指标，建立了一套新的走行轮磨损间接评价方法，该方法以侧偏角和侧倾角为设计变量，通过探索走行轮轮胎侧偏角、侧倾角及其组合对走行轮轮胎磨损与不均匀磨损的影响对车辆二系悬挂参数进行优化，减轻走行轮轮胎磨损. 研究结果表明：优选前，转向架（以前转向架为例）中前、后排走行轮轮胎侧偏角分别为0.5°、0.3°、−0.4°、−0.2°；优选后，转向架中前、后走行轮轮胎侧偏角为0.2°、0.2°、−0.2°、−0.2°；车辆结构参数中二系悬挂横向刚度、垂向刚度对走行轮各轮胎不均匀磨损的影响较大，且选取合适的参数值在一定程度上能够减轻走行轮各轮胎不均匀磨损.
Abstract:Aiming at investigating the correlation between the parameters of a vehicle’s secondary suspension structure and the uneven wear of the running wheel tires, the goal of optimization was to improve the uneven wear performance of the running wheel tires and the design variables are the vehicle’s secondary suspension parameters. An indirect method of evaluating the running wheel wear was established from the analysis of a finite element model and by combining with evaluation indexes of the running wheel wear characteristics. This method minimizes the running wheel tire wear by exploring the effects of the slip angle and roll angle of the running wheel tires and their combination on the wear and uneven wear of the running wheel tires, and by optimizing the vehicle’s secondary suspension parameters. The results show that before optimization, the slip angles of the front and rear running wheels of the bogie (where the former bogie is taken as an example) are 0.5°, 0.3°, −0.4°, and −0.2°, respectively, and that the slip angles of the rear running wheel tires are 0.2°, 0.2°, −0.2°, and −0.2°, respectively. Among the vehicle structural parameters, the lateral stiffness of the secondary suspension and the vertical stiffness of the secondary suspension strongly affect the uneven wear of the running wheel tires, which can be reduced to a certain extent by selecting appropriate parameter values.
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Key words:
- finite element model /
- secondary suspension /
- uneven wear /
- slip angle /
- roll angle
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图 2 走行轮轮胎有限元模型验证
Figure 2. Validation of finite element model of the running wheel tire
图 5 纯侧偏工况下走行轮轮胎磨损量及其偏度值
Figure 5. Wear mass loss and its skewness of the running wheel tire with slip angle
图 6 纯侧倾工况下走行轮轮胎磨损量及其偏度值
Figure 6. Wear mass loss and its skewness of the running wheel tire with roll angle
图 7 二系悬挂纵向刚度对侧偏角、侧倾角的影响
Figure 7. Influence of longitudinal stiffness of secondary suspension on the slip angle and roll angle
图 8 二系悬挂横向刚度对侧偏角、侧倾角的影响
Figure 8. Influence of lateral stiffness of secondary suspension on the slip angle and roll angle
图 9 二系悬挂垂向刚度对侧偏角、侧倾角的影响
Figure 9. Influence of vertical stiffness of secondary suspension on the slip angle and roll angle
图 10 二系悬挂横向刚度参数优选
Figure 10. Parameter optimization of lateral stiffness of secondary suspension
图 11 二系悬挂垂向刚度参数优选
Figure 11. Parameter optimization of vertical stiffness of secondary suspension
表 1 不同侧偏角、侧倾角组合下轮胎磨损量
Table 1. Wear of walking wheel tire with different slip angles and roll angles
× 10−4 g 侧倾角/（°） 侧偏角/（°） −3.0 −2.0 −1.0 0 1.0 2.0 3.0 −6.0 5.29 4.80 4.12 3.29 4.28 5.17 5.67 −4.0 5.53 5.07 4.24 3.35 4.34 5.25 5.70 −2.0 5.71 5.20 4.30 3.38 4.38 5.23 5.71 0 5.82 5.22 4.32 3.39 4.36 5.22 5.81 2.0 5.86 5.24 4.52 3.37 4.31 5.20 5.62 4.0 5.72 5.18 4.29 3.32 4.25 5.06 5.42 6.0 5.70 5.11 4.23 3.28 4.13 4.86 5.16 
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