Evaluation of Acoustic Performance of Porous Asphalt Concrete
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摘要:
多孔沥青混合料的吸声性能对降低轮胎/路面噪声有重要影响，为此采用驻波管按1/3倍频对多孔沥青混合料（PAC）、沥青玛蹄脂碎石（SMA-13）和密级配沥青混合料（AC-13）的吸声频谱进行了测试，研究分析了级配类型、空隙率、试件厚度及表面纹理构造对混合料吸声性能的影响. 试验结果表明：PAC混合料的空隙率较大，其吸声频谱随频率呈先升后降的变化趋势，吸声性能远好于SMA-13和AC-13，并给出了吸声系数随连通空隙率的线性表达式；PAC的空隙率越高，公称最大粒径越大，平均吸声系数和峰值吸声系数均越大（降噪性能越好），吸声频谱的峰值频率越高；随着试件厚度减小，PAC的峰值吸声系数有所增大，吸声频谱峰值逐渐向高频方向移动，但平均吸声系数逐渐减小；SMA-13相比AC-13的平均吸声系数略大，同一PAC混合料试件的糙面接受声波相比光面接受声波时的平均吸声系数大13.9%，表面纹理构造也是影响PAC混合料吸声性能的重要因素. 空隙率、公称最大粒径和厚度的增加均有利于PAC混合料吸声性能提升，前两者更有益于吸收高频噪声，后者则有益于吸收低频噪声.
Abstract:The sound absorption performance of porous asphalt concrete has an important impact on reducing tire/pavement noise. The sound absorption coefficients of porous asphalt concrete (PAC), stone matrix asphalt (SMA-13) and a dense graded asphalt concrete (AC-13) are tested adopting the standing wave ratio method at one-third octave frequencies. The effects of several concrete properties are investigated; i.e., the grade distribution type, void content of the asphalt mixture, specimen thickness and surface texture. It is found that the sound absorption coefficients of PAC with a higher void content are much larger than those of SMA-13 and AC-13, and the sound absorption spectrum first increases and then decreases with the noise frequency increasing. The linear expressions of the sound absorption coefficient with the connected void content are proposed for asphalt mixture. A higher void content and larger maximum nominal particle size result in a larger peak and average value of the sound absorption coefficient (i.e., better noise reduction performance) for the PAC, with the peak value of the sound absorption spectrum gradually moving to a higher frequency. As the specimen thickness decreases, the average value of the sound absorption coefficient decreases for the PAC, and there is no obvious change in the peak value of the sound absorption coefficient whose corresponding frequency shifts to a high frequency gradually. For SMA-13 and AC-13 with similar void percentages, the peak and average value of the sound absorption coefficient of the former are slightly larger than those of the latter. For the same PAC specimen, the average value of the sound absorption coefficient measured using a rough-surface receiving incident sound wave is about 13.9% larger than that measured using a smooth-surface receiving sound wave, which indicates that the surface texture is an important factor affecting the sound absorption performance of the PAC. In summary, increases in the void content, maximum nominal particle size and thickness contribute to improving the sound absorption performance of the PAC. The two former factors are more beneficial to the absorption of high frequency noise, while the last factor is beneficial for the low frequency.
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Key words:
- porous asphalt concrete /
- pavement noise /
- impedance tube /
- sound absorption coefficient
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图 3 同一级配沥青混合料不同试件的吸声系数
Figure 3. Sound absorption coefficient of different specimens of the same gradation asphalt concrete
图 4 级配类型和空隙率对吸声系数的影响
Figure 4. Effect of gradation type and porosity on sound absorption coefficient spectra
图 5 最大公称粒径对吸声系数的影响
Figure 5. Effect of maximum nominal particle size on sound absorption coefficient spectra
图 6 沥青混合料吸声系数随连通空隙率的变化关系
Figure 6. Relationship between sound absorption coefficient of asphalt concrete and connected porosity
图 7 试件厚度对吸声系数的影响
Figure 7. Effect of specimen thickness on sound absorption coefficient spectra
图 8 表面纹理接收入射声波的情况
Figure 8. Condition of specimen surface texture receiving incident sound wave
图 9 表面纹理对吸声系数的影响
Figure 9. Effect of specimen surface texture on sound absorption coefficient spectra
图 10 不同级配沥青混合料的降噪水平
Figure 10. Noise reduction level of asphalt concrete with different gradations
表 1 不同沥青混合料的级配组成
Table 1. Gradation composition of different asphalt concrete
% 试件编号 通过筛孔（mm）的质量百分比 油石比 空隙率 连通空隙率 19.000 16.000 13.200 9.500 4.750 2.360 1.180 0.600 0.300 0.150 0.075 PAC-16 100.0 94.5 82.0 51.0 20.5 16.0 12.5 10.0 7.5 5.5 4.0 4.7 19.5 13.2 PAC-13a 100.0 100.0 95.0 69.0 26.5 20.5 15.5 11.0 8.0 6.0 4.0 4.8 16.7 8.9 PAC-13b 100.0 100.0 90.5 63.0 19.5 14.0 12.5 9.0 7.0 5.5 4.0 4.8 20.0 12.6 PAC-13c 100.0 100.0 86.0 52.0 15.5 13.0 10.5 8.0 6.0 5.0 4.0 4.7 23.1 17.3 PAC-10 100.0 100.0 100.0 90.0 39.0 13.0 9.0 7.0 6.0 5.0 4.0 4.9 19.8 10.1 PAC-5 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 88.0 30.0 18.0 12.0 9.0 7.0 5.0 5.1 19.4 8.2 SMA-13 100.0 100.0 95.0 62.5 27.0 20.5 19.0 16.0 13.0 12.0 10.0 6.1 3.9 0.6 AC-13 100.0 100.0 95.0 76.5 53.0 37.0 26.5 19.0 13.5 10.0 6.0 4.6 4.2 0.7 
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表 2 不同厚度下沥青混合料试样的平均吸声系数
Table 2. Average sound absorption coefficient of asphalt concrete samples with different thicknesses
试样厚度 厚度≈5.3 cm 厚度 ≈4.1 cm 厚度 ≈2.1 cm PAC-13b 0.2309 0.2101 0.1836 PAC-10 0.2018 0.1909 0.1718 PAC-5 0.1973 0.1855 0.1691
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