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铁路重载货车轮对弹性振动及其动态影响

刘鹏飞 刘红军 高昊 任尊松 张凯龙

刘鹏飞, 刘红军, 高昊, 任尊松, 张凯龙. 铁路重载货车轮对弹性振动及其动态影响[J]. 西南交通大学学报, 2022, 57(1): 90-98, 234. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-2724.20210024
引用本文: 刘鹏飞, 刘红军, 高昊, 任尊松, 张凯龙. 铁路重载货车轮对弹性振动及其动态影响[J]. 西南交通大学学报, 2022, 57(1): 90-98, 234. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-2724.20210024
LIU Pengfei, LIU Hongjun, GAO Hao, REN Zunsong, ZHANG Kailong. Elastic Vibration of Wheelset and Its Dynamic Effect on Railway Heavy-Haul Freight Wagon[J]. Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University, 2022, 57(1): 90-98, 234. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-2724.20210024
Citation: LIU Pengfei, LIU Hongjun, GAO Hao, REN Zunsong, ZHANG Kailong. Elastic Vibration of Wheelset and Its Dynamic Effect on Railway Heavy-Haul Freight Wagon[J]. Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University, 2022, 57(1): 90-98, 234. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-2724.20210024

铁路重载货车轮对弹性振动及其动态影响

doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-2724.20210024
基金项目: 国家自然科学基金 (52072249, 11790282)
详细信息
    作者简介:

    刘鹏飞(1986—),男,副教授,博士, 研究方向为机车车辆动力学,E-mail:lpfswjtu@163.com

  • 中图分类号: U270.1

Elastic Vibration of Wheelset and Its Dynamic Effect on Railway Heavy-Haul Freight Wagon

  • 摘要:

    为研究轮对弹性振动特性及其对重载货车动力学性能的影响,以30 t轴重重载货车为研究对象,对轮对刚、柔建模时的整车运动稳定性、曲线通过性能等进行了对比研究. 首先,给出了多体动力学中弹性体的数学建模方法;其次,建立轮对柔性体有限元模型,分析了轮对的弹性振动模态,进一步将其集成于多刚体系统中,形成重载货车刚柔耦合动力学分析模型;最后,针对货车多刚体和刚柔耦合两类建模方法,以干线不平顺叠加短波不平顺作为系统激励源,对比分析了重载货车的轮对振动响应、蛇行运动稳定性以及动态曲线通过性能的差异. 研究结果表明:相对刚性轮对而言,柔性轮对的变形能够缓和轮轨刚性冲击,同时弱化轮轨间的刚性约束能力,导致其振动幅度降低,使得车辆非线性临界速度下降约9%,通过小半径曲线时,轮轨横向力也降低了约13.7%,轮对弹性振动对重载货车动态性能的影响同样不容忽视.

     

  • 图 1  柔性体空间描述

    Figure 1.  Space description of flexible body

    图 2  轮对结构示意

    Figure 2.  Diagram of wheelset structure

    图 3  轮对几何及有限元模型

    Figure 3.  Geometric structural and finite element model of wheelset

    图 4  基于UM的柔性轮对集成方法

    Figure 4.  Integrated method of flexible wheelset based on UM

    图 5  轮轨接触特性的插值计算

    Figure 5.  Interpolation calculation of wheel-rail contact feature

    图 6  旁承建模

    Figure 6.  Modelling of side bearing

    图 7  柔性轮对建模及半车拓扑关系

    Figure 7.  Modelling of flexible wheelset and topology relation of half vehicle

    图 8  货车刚柔耦合动力学模型

    Figure 8.  Rigid-flexible coupling dynamic model of wagon

    图 9  摩擦减振器载荷-挠度曲线

    Figure 9.  Load-deflection curve of frictional damper

    图 10  短波随机不平顺

    Figure 10.  Short-wave random irregularity

    图 11  约束模态振型及相应的频率

    Figure 11.  Constrained mode shapes and frequencies

    图 12  轮对的振动加速度时间响应

    Figure 12.  Time responses of wheelset acceleration

    图 13  轮对振动加速度频域响应

    Figure 13.  Frequency responses of wheelset acceleration

    图 14  不同的外界激扰

    Figure 14.  Different outer excitations

    图 15  弹性与刚性轮对的车辆临界速度

    Figure 15.  Critical speeds of vehicle with flexible and rigid wheelsets

    图 16  一位轮对横向位移时间历程

    Figure 16.  Time history of first wheelset later displacement

    图 17  一位轮对外轮轮轨作用力

    Figure 17.  Outer wheel-rail forces of first wheelset

    图 18  刚体与柔性轮对安全性指标比较

    Figure 18.  Safety index comparisons between rigid and flexible wheelsets

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出版历程
  • 收稿日期:  2021-01-11
  • 录用日期:  2021-11-17
  • 修回日期:  2021-05-04
  • 网络出版日期:  2021-11-22
  • 刊出日期:  2021-05-12

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