Review on BIM Technology Used in Urban Rail Transit Projects
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摘要: 城市轨道交通工程是一项多专业、多角色在多约束、长周期、大投入下的复杂系统工程，采用BIM （building information modeling）技术是实现其高效率、规范化、低成本、全面协同的关键. 详细分析城市轨道交通工程建造的复杂性，总结当前城市轨道交通领域BIM技术的研究和应用现状，包括4种主要应用模式：面向建造、面向协同设计和分析、基于商业软件平台、基于开放式平台的BIM工程. 在分析当前研究及应用不足的基础上，归纳城市轨道交通工程中BIM技术面临的三大问题挑战：全生命周期大量模型共享的统一性问题；基于BIM的多专业、多CAD/CAE软件协同问题；全生命周期海量信息数字化、高效率、低成本管理与应用问题. 为弥补现有不足、解决城市轨道交通工程中BIM技术所面临的问题，提出城市轨道交通工程BIM技术发展的主要趋势：面向全生命周期一体化协同管理及平台、基于BIM的多专业正向协同三维设计、面向智能建造和运维的BIM规范性设计、基于IFC （industry foundation class）的BIM表达与共享、BIM技术与信息化的深度融合.Abstract: Urban rail transit project is a huge complicated system engineering with the properties of multi-major, multi-role, multi-constraint, long period, and large investment. Building information modeling (BIM) is a very effective technology to achieve high efficiency, standardization, low cost, and comprehensive collaboration in urban rail transit. Firstly the complexity of urban rail transit construction is analyzed in detail. Then this work summarizes the state-of-the-art BIM technology and its applications. The four kinds of BIM application modes are presented, i.e., construction-oriented, collaborative design and analysis-oriented, commercial software platform-based, and open platform-based BIM engineering. After analyzing the research and application insufficiency, the three major challenges of BIM technology application in urban rail transit are proposed: the integration of large-scale model sharing throughout the life cycle, the BIM-based multi-major, multi-CAD/CAE software collaboration, the high-efficient, low-cost management and usage of massive engineering information throughout the life cycle. Finally, to solve the existing shortcomings, the major trends of BIM technology development in urban rail transit engineering are suggested as the following five aspects: the full life-cycle integrated collaborative management and the related platform, BIM-based multi-major forward collaborative design, specification design of BIM for intelligent construction and operation, IFC (industry foundation class)-based BIM expression and sharing, deep integration of BIM technology and informatization.
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图 3 面向协同设计与分析的BIM工程
Figure 3. Collaborative design and analysis-oriented BIM engineering
图 4 基于商业平台的BIM工程
BOQ—bill of quotation VPM—virtual product management KKS—设备功能位置
Figure 4. BIM engineering based on commercial platform
表 1 广东省BIM建模与交付标准（部分）
Table 1. BIM modeling and delivering standard for Guangdong province （part）
模型名称 对象 工程/子
系统建模构
件/设备几何信息 非几何信息（模型内置信息） 建筑 车站 主体建筑 门窗 尺寸、空间
定位材料、型号 墙 尺寸、空间
定位材料、规格 楼梯 尺寸、空间
定位材料、规格 
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表 2 广州地铁BIM建模标准（部分）
Table 2. BIM modeling standard of Guangzhou Metro (part)
模型
名称设施设备类型 几何信息 非几何信息 要素 信息内容 LOD100 LOD200 LOD300 信息内容 LOD100 LOD200 LOD300 车站
建筑墙 普通墙 宽度、高度 y y y 材料、填充图案、颜色、热膨胀系数 y y y 防火墙 宽度、高度 y y 材料、填充图案、颜色、热膨胀系数 y y 混凝土墙 宽度、高度 y y 材料、填充图案、颜色、热膨胀系数 y 其他 注：表中“y”表示模型精度等级包含该信息内容.
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