基于光束法双像解析的森林火点定位技术
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-2724.2013.05.014
Forest Fire-Point Location Based on Bundle Adjustment of Double Images
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摘要: 利用摄像机获取森林区域立体影像,以三维电子罗盘仪测定摄影瞬间摄影机三维姿态角作为初始值,应用光束法双像解析确定森林火点三维坐标.经过实验验证,火点定位精度能达到100 m以内,能满足森林防火对火点定位精度的要求.该方法无需已知点作为控制点,定位精度主要与同名像点视差精度、摄影基线长度、交向角及摄影距离等因素有关.坐标定位误差随着摄影距离增加而增加,沿摄影方向误差明显大于其他两个方向;随着摄影基线长度的增加,火点定位精度有所提高,交向角对火点定位精度的影响不明显.摄站选择时,摄影基线长度一般为30~200 m,应保证左、右影像重叠度在60%~80%及影像能正常匹配.Abstract: Using a camera to obtain the stereo pair of digital photographs of forest area, and a three-dimensional electronic compass to measure the three-dimensional attitude angles at each instant shooting as the initial values, three dimensional coordinates of the forest fire-point was determined with bundle adjustment of double images. The experiments showed that the accuracy of locating fire-point reached 100 m, which meets the requirement of the forest fire prevention regulation. As this method does not require a known point to be a control point, the location accuracy is dependent on parallax error of corresponding image points, photographic baseline length, corner and photographic distance, etc. The coordinate positioning error increases with the photographic distance, and the error in the shooting direction is significantly greater than that in the other two directions. Fire point positioning accuracy will improve with the increase of photographic baseline length, and the influence of corner on the positioning accuracy of fire point is not evident. In the selection of photo station, photographic baseline length should be within 30-200 m, which ensures that the overlap between the left and right images falls in the interval of 60% to 80% and the images can correctly match each other.
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