Abstract: In order to provide a reference for the application of Gabion structures in mine railway, their mechanical behavior and stress-strain relationship under uniaxial compression were obtained through the uniaxial compressive tests of Gabion structures filled with gravels or coal gangues. The experimental results show that under uniaxial compression, the mechanical behavior and stress-strain characteristics of Gabion structures with different grain compositions have no obvious regularities. The compressive strength of a Gabion structure filled with gravels is larger than that filled with coal gangues. And Gabion structures filled with gravels can meet the requirements of the load-bearing capacity of railway bridge embankment.