Abstract: In order to probe into the mechanical properties of basalt fiber reinforced polymer (BFRP) bars, basic mechanical properties of BFRP bars were investigated by two strain test methods: the extensometer and optical fiber detection techniques. A new type of bar, called as basalt fiber-steel wires composite (BFSWC) bar with high elastic modulus was developed by adding steel wires into BFRP bars for low tensile elastic modulus of BFRP bars. The experimental result indicates that the stress-strain curve of a BFRP bar is linear, its elastic modulus is only about 23% elastic modulus of a steel bar, and the elastic modulus tested by the optical fiber detection technique is 12.3% higher than that obtained by the extensometer. BFRP bar's elastic modulus becomes low as its diameter gets big, and adding steel wires into a BFRP bar can significantly improve its elastic modulus.