高速、重载铁路轨道结构耐久性提升之关键科学与技术问题

翟婉明; 朱胜阳

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0258-2724.20260161

高速、重载铁路轨道结构耐久性提升之关键科学与技术问题

doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-2724.20260161

翟婉明,
朱胜阳^,

西南交通大学轨道交通运载系统全国重点实验室，四川成都 610031

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划（2023YFB2604300）；国家自然科学基金项目（52388102，U2469208）

详细信息

作者简介:
翟婉明（1963—），男，院士，博士，研究方向为轨道交通工程，E-mail：wmzhai@swjtu.edu.cn

通讯作者:
朱胜阳（1986—），男，研究员，博士，研究方向为轨道工程，E-mail： syzhu@swjtu.edu.cn

中图分类号: U238；U239.4
计量
- 文章访问数: 266
- HTML全文浏览量: 103
- PDF下载量: 122
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2026-04-06
- 修回日期: 2026-04-09
- 刊出日期: 2026-04-13

Key Scientific and Technical Issues on Durability Enhancement of Track Structures for High-Speed and Heavy-Haul Railways

ZHAI Wanming,
ZHU Shengyang^,

State Key Laboratory of Rail Transit Vehicle System, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China

摘要

摘要:
客运高速化、货运重载化是现代铁路发展的主要特征，当前我国已建成全球规模领先的高速与重载铁路网络，大量线路已步入长期高负荷运营与维护的关键阶段. 如何在复杂严苛的运营环境下进一步提升在役轨道结构耐久性，保障高速与重载铁路轨道结构长期高安全、高稳定、高可靠服役，已成为新时期我国轨道交通工程领域面临的重大战略挑战. 本文针对我国高速、重载铁路轨道结构构造特点及其复杂运营环境特征，凝练出实现轨道结构耐久性提升需要破解的2个关键科学问题（① 高速、重载铁路轨道结构服役性能演变机理及寿命评估预测，② 复杂服役条件下轨道结构耐久性提升机理与多维度调控机制）与3个关键技术问题（① 高速铁路轨道部件高频疲劳特性与轮轨系统振动协同调控技术，② 大运量条件下重载铁路轨道结构部件强化及性能提升关键技术，③ 轨道结构高效补强修复与快速改造技术）；系统回顾与评述了国内外该领域的研究现状与最新进展，并指出了本领域未来发展趋势与重点研究方向.
- 高速铁路 /
- 重载铁路 /
- 轨道结构 /
- 耐久性 /
- 服役性能
Abstract:
High-speed passenger transport and heavy-haul freight transport are the main features of modern railway development. At present, China has built globally leading high-speed and heavy-haul railway networks in terms of scale, and a large number of lines have entered a critical stage of long-term high-load operation and maintenance. How to further enhance the durability of in-service track structures in complex and harsh operating environments and ensure the long-term highly safe, highly stable, and highly reliable service of high-speed and heavy-haul railway track structures has become a major strategic challenge facing the rail transit engineering field in China in the new era. In view of the structural characteristics of high-speed and heavy-haul railway track structures in China and the features of their complex operating environments, to achieve the durability enhancement of track structures, two key scientific issues were condensed (① evolution mechanism of service performance and life assessment and prediction of high-speed and heavy-haul railway track structures and ② durability enhancement mechanism and multi-dimensional regulation mechanism of track structures under complex service conditions), as well as three key technical issues (① high-frequency fatigue characteristics of high-speed railway track components and collaborative regulation technology of wheel-rail system vibration, ② key technologies for component strengthening and performance enhancement of heavy-haul railway track structures under high-traffic-volume conditions, and ③ efficient reinforcement, repair, and rapid retrofitting technologies for track structures). A systematic review of the state-of-the-art progress and cutting-edge advances in the research field was provided. On this basis, the engineering applications and full-scale field validation outcomes of a complete set of durability enhancement technologies, independently developed and deployed by the authors’ team for high-speed and heavy-haul railway lines across typical service conditions were demonstrated. Finally, the future development prospects and critical research priorities in this field were clarified.
- high-speed railway /
- heavy-haul railway /
- track structure /
- durability /
- service performance

HTML全文

图 1 轨道结构耐久性提升的关键科学与技术问题

Figure 1. Key scientific and technical issues of durability enhancement of track structures

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 轨道板非线性温度分布^[11]

Figure 2. Nonlinear temperature distribution in track slab^[11]

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 CRTS Ⅲ型无砟轨道门型钢筋优化设计对界面损伤抑制效果分析^[11]

Figure 3. Analysis of interfacial damage suppression effect of optimal portal-shaped steel reinforcement design for CRTS Ⅲ ballastless track^[11]

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 高自频弹条几何参数优化^[60]

Figure 4. Geometric parameter optimization of high-natural-frequency rail clips^[60]

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 小半径曲线钢轨磨耗及轮轨接触关系特征^[70]

Figure 5. Characteristics of rail wear and wheel–rail contact relationship on small-radius curves^[70]

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 枕下垫层总刚度优选

Figure 6. Optimal selection of total stiffness under-sleeper pad

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 7 模块化组合辙叉在线快速更换试验

Figure 7. In-situ rapid replacement test of modular built-up frogs

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 8 快凝高强修补砂浆材料在高铁无砟轨道上的应用

Figure 8. Application of rapid-setting high-strength repair mortar materials in ballastless tracks of high-speed railway

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 9 高速铁路轨道结构耐久性提升关键技术及产品

Figure 9. Key technologies and products for durability enhancement of high-speed railway track structures

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 10 高速铁路工程应用现场

Figure 10. Field application of high-speed railway engineering

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 11 重载轨道结构耐久性提升关键技术产品

Figure 11. Key technical products for durability enhancement of heavy-haul track structures

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 12 重载铁路工程应用现场

Figure 12. Field application of heavy-haul railway engineering

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 13 重载铁路工程示范应用线路整体方案

Figure 13. Overall scheme of demonstration and application line of heavy-haul railway engineering

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

参考文献(96)

[1]	翟婉明, 赵春发, 夏禾, 等. 高速铁路基础结构动态性能演变及服役安全的基础科学问题[J]. 中国科学: 技术科学, 2014, 44(7): 645-660. doi: 10.1360/N092014-00192 ZHAI Wanming, ZHAO Chunfa, XIA He, et al. Basic scientific issues on dynamic performance evolution of the high-speed railway infrastructure and its service safety[J]. Scientia Sinica (Technologica), 2014, 44(7): 645-660. doi: 10.1360/N092014-00192
[2]	ZHU S Y, CAI C B. Interface damage and its effect on vibrations of slab track under temperature and vehicle dynamic loads[J]. International Journal of Non-Linear Mechanics, 2014, 58: 222-232. doi: 10.1016/j.ijnonlinmec.2013.10.004
[3]	ZHANG J W, ZHU S Y, CAI C B, et al. Cohesive zone modeling of fatigue crack propagation in slab track interface under cyclic temperature load[J]. Engineering Failure Analysis, 2022, 134: 106028. doi: 10.1016/j.engfailanal.2022.106028
[4]	ZHU S Y, LUO J, WANG M Z, et al. Mechanical characteristic variation of ballastless track in high-speed railway: effect of train–track interaction and environment loads[J]. Railway Engineering Science, 2020, 28(4): 408-423. doi: 10.1007/s40534-020-00227-6
[5]	CUI X H, ZHOU R, GUO G R, et al. Effects of train load and water on stress intensity factors of the crack in slab track[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2021, 299: 124247. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.124247
[6]	CAI X P, ZHANG Q, WANG Q H, et al. Effects of the subgrade differential arch on damage characteristics of CRTS Ⅲ slab track and vehicle dynamic response[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2022, 327: 126982. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2022.126982
[7]	LUO J, ZHU S Y, ZHAI W M. Theoretical modelling of a vehicle-slab track coupled dynamics system considering longitudinal vibrations and interface interactions[J]. Vehicle System Dynamics, 2021, 59(9): 1313-1334. doi: 10.1080/00423114.2020.1751860
[8]	ZHANG J W, ZHU S Y, CAI C B, et al. Experimental and numerical analysis on concrete interface damage of ballastless track using different cohesive models[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2020, 263: 120859. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.120859
[9]	ZHANG J W, CAI C B, ZHU S Y, et al. Experimental investigation on dynamic performance evolution of double-block ballastless track under high-cycle train loads[J]. Engineering Structures, 2022, 254: 113872. doi: 10.1016/j.engstruct.2022.113872
[10]	LUO J, ZHU S Y, ZENG Z P, et al. Semi-analytical solution for interfacial debonding of high-speed railway ballastless track under thermal loading using a quasi-dynamic method[J]. Applied Mathematical Modelling, 2023, 121: 339-363. doi: 10.1016/j.apm.2023.05.006
[11]	MA L C, LUO J, ZHU S Y, et al. Early interfacial damage characteristics and optimization of door-type steel bars for CRTS Ⅲ ballastless track in high-speed railways[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2025, 489: 142136. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.142136
[12]	CUI X H, LIU Y P, DU X L, et al. Effect of fault dislocation on the deformation and damage behavior of ballastless track structures in tunnels[J]. Transportation Geotechnics, 2025, 52: 101561. doi: 10.1016/j.trgeo.2025.101561
[13]	CUI X H, LIU Y P, DU B W, et al. Damage mechanism of double-block ballastless track on subgrade under coupled complex loads[J]. Transportation Geotechnics, 2026, 58: 101912. doi: 10.1016/j.trgeo.2026.101912
[14]	SUN K, NONG X Z, FENG Q S, et al. Numerical analysis of interface damage in ballastless track on simply supported bridge due to thermal and vehicle dynamic load[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2023, 366: 130181. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2022.130181
[15]	ZHAO H, LIAO D, GAO J W, et al. Damage tolerance assessment of heavy-duty freight railway axles with artificial defects[J]. Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2025, 38: 57. doi: 10.1186/s10033-025-01218-6
[16]	NGUYEN D, CHEN Y Y, MARTINEZ A. A DEM sensitivity study on the effects of contact parameters on triaxial response for the development of a calibration method[J]. Computers and Geotechnics, 2025, 184: 107241. doi: 10.1016/j.compgeo.2025.107241
[17]	CUI X H, XIAO H, XU Y, et al. Discrete element analysis of the dynamic behavior of ballast track-subgrade system under train dynamic load[J]. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 2024, 183: 108820. doi: 10.1016/j.soildyn.2024.108820
[18]	XIAO Y J, WANG Y Q, SHEN Z H, et al. Hybrid DEM-FDM modeling of heavy-haul railway transition zone slope effects on ballast particle movement and dynamic track responses[J]. Transportation Geotechnics, 2026, 59: 101948. doi: 10.1016/j.trgeo.2026.101948
[19]	GU Q S, ZHAO C, BIAN X C, et al. Trackbed settlement and associated ballast degradation due to repeated train moving loads[J]. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 2022, 153: 107109. doi: 10.1016/j.soildyn.2021.107109
[20]	QIAN Z X, XIAO H, KONG C, et al. Investigation of dynamic mechanical behaviour of railway ballast under a 30 t moving axle load[J]. International Journal of Rail Transportation, 2025-10-07, https://doi.org/10.1080/23248378.2025.2568905.
[21]	XIAO H, ZHANG Z H, CHI Y H, et al. Experimental study and discrete element analysis on dynamic mechanical behaviour of railway ballast bed in windblown sand areas[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2021, 304: 124669. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.124669
[22]	QIAN Z X, XIAO H, KONG C, et al. Discrete element analysis of the dynamic mechanical characteristics of ballasted track on bridges under train loading[J]. International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics, 2026, 26(5): 2650023. doi: 10.1142/S0219455426500239
[23]	SHI C, ZHAO C F, YANG Y, et al. Analysis of railway ballasted track stiffness and behavior with a hybrid discrete–continuum approach[J]. International Journal of Geomechanics, 2021, 21(3): 04020268. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)GM.1943-5622.0001941
[24]	SILVA R, SILVA W V, DE FARIAS J Y, et al. Experimental and numerical analyses of the failure of prestressed concrete railway sleepers[J]. Materials, 2020, 13(7): 1704. doi: 10.3390/ma13071704
[25]	CHEN X M, CHEN N, WEI Z L, et al. Research on the influence of loading frequency on the dynamic response of concrete sleepers[J]. Applied Sciences, 2022, 12(14): 7245. doi: 10.3390/app12147245
[26]	CUI W T, GAO L, XIAO H, et al. Temperature effect of CRTS Ⅲ slab track in natural environments and its influence on vehicle-track dynamic interaction at 400 km/h[J]. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 2026, 200: 109759. doi: 10.1016/j.soildyn.2025.109759
[27]	ZHANG S W, QIAO H P, SONG X Y, et al. Time-dependent fatigue reliability analysis of heavy-haul railway steel bridges based on coupled train-track-bridge dynamic analysis[J]. International Journal of Fatigue, 2025, 198: 109011. doi: 10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2025.109011
[28]	TONG Y Y, LIU G X, YOUSEFIAN K, et al. Track vertical stiffness–value, measurement methods, effective parameters and challenges: a review[J]. Transportation Geotechnics, 2022, 37: 100833. doi: 10.1016/j.trgeo.2022.100833
[29]	ZHANG X Y, THOMPSON D J, NTOTSIOS E, et al. Effect of baseplate flexibility and rail pad stiffness on slab track dynamics[J]. Engineering Structures, 2025, 334: 120296. doi: 10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.120296
[30]	LI Q, DAI B R, ZHU Z H, et al. Improved indirect measurement of the dynamic stiffness of a rail fastener and its dependence on load and frequency[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2021, 304: 124588. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.124588
[31]	YAO G W, SONG A X, ZHANG G F, et al. Experimental study on interface performance of CRTS Ⅱ slab ballastless track under temperature loading[J]. Structures, 2024, 62: 106199. doi: 10.1016/j.istruc.2024.106199
[32]	DENG S J, REN J J, WEI K, et al. Fatigue damage evolution analysis of the CA mortar of ballastless tracks via damage mechanics-finite element full-couple method[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2021, 295: 123679. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.123679
[33]	CHEN H P, LI W B, JIANG Y, et al. Fatigue life prediction for CA mortar in CRTS Ⅱ railway slab track subjected to combined thermal action and vehicle load by mesoscale numerical modelling[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2024, 437: 136987. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2024.136987
[34]	NGAMKHANONG C, KAEWUNRUEN S. Effects of under sleeper pads on dynamic responses of railway prestressed concrete sleepers subjected to high intensity impact loads[J]. Engineering Structures, 2020, 214: 110604. doi: 10.1016/j.engstruct.2020.110604
[35]	KONG C, XIN T, SHI S W, et al. Influence of ballast elastic modulus on the mechanical performance of ballasted tracks based on a numerical method[J]. Transportation Geotechnics, 2025, 55: 101672. doi: 10.1016/j.trgeo.2025.101672
[36]	BAI T S, XU J M, ZHU H, et al. Investigation into the wear evolution and fatigue crack propagation behaviour of rails subjected to laminar plasma discrete quenching and tempering treatment[J]. Wear, 2024, 554: 205470. doi: 10.1016/j.wear.2024.205470
[37]	SOL-SÁNCHEZ M, CASTILLO-MINGORANCE J M, MORENO-NAVARRO F, et al. Piezoelectric-sensored sustainable pads for smart railway traffic and track state monitoring: full-scale laboratory tests[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2021, 301: 124324. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.124324
[38]	MA C Z, GAO L, XU Y, et al. Multi-scale modelling of broadband vibration in granular ballast bed and its effect on track-vehicle dynamic interaction[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2025, 461: 139836. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2024.139836
[39]	GUO Y L, JING G Q. Railway ballast performance: recent advances in the understanding of geometry, distribution and degradation[M]//Resilient, Sustainable and Smart Ballasted Railway Track. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2025: 131-196.
[40]	AELA P, ZONG L, POWRIE W, et al. Influence of ballast shoulder width and track superelevation on the lateral resistance of a monoblock sleeper using discrete element method[J]. Transportation Geotechnics, 2023, 42: 101040. doi: 10.1016/j.trgeo.2023.101040
[41]	CHEN C, TANG Z A, ZHANG L, et al. Comparison of lateral resistance between I-shaped and X-shaped sleepers using finite element and discrete element coupling method[J]. Computers and Geotechnics, 2024, 165: 105889. doi: 10.1016/j.compgeo.2023.105889
[42]	MAGLIO M, VERNERSSON T, NIELSEN J C O, et al. Influence of railway wheel tread damage on wheel–rail impact loads and the durability of wheelsets[J]. Railway Engineering Science, 2024, 32(1): 20-35. doi: 10.1007/s40534-023-00316-2
[43]	WANG M Q, JIA J H, LIU P F, et al. Multiobjective optimisation of rail profile at high speed[J]. Vehicle System Dynamics, 2024, 62(3): 673-694. doi: 10.1080/00423114.2023.2189127
[44]	XU B J, GE X, SHI Z Y, et al. Optimization design of curved rail profile for heavy-haul railways based on multi-period optimization method[J]. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F: Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit, 2025, 239(5): 406-420. doi: 10.1177/09544097251321662
[45]	YE Y G, VUITTON J, SUN Y, et al. Railway wheel profile fine-tuning system for profile recommendation[J]. Railway Engineering Science, 2021, 29(1): 74-93. doi: 10.1007/s40534-021-00234-1
[46]	ZHAI W M. Vehicle–track coupled dynamics models[M]//Vehicle–Track Coupled Dynamics: Theory and Applications. Singapore: Springer, 2020: 17-149.
[47]	WANG M Z, CAI C B, ZHU S Y, et al. Experimental study on dynamic performance of typical nonballasted track systems using a full-scale test rig[J]. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F: Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit, 2017, 231(4): 470-481. doi: 10.1177/0954409716634751
[48]	ZHAI W M, WANG K Y, CHEN Z W, et al. Full-scale multi-functional test platform for investigating mechanical performance of track–subgrade systems of high-speed railways[J]. Railway Engineering Science, 2020, 28(3): 213-231. doi: 10.1007/s40534-020-00221-y
[49]	LAMPREA-PINEDA A C, CONNOLLY D P, CASTANHEIRA-PINTO A, et al. On railway track receptance[J]. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 2024, 177: 108331. doi: 10.1016/j.soildyn.2023.108331
[50]	何春燕, 陈兆玮, 翟婉明. 高速铁路路桥过渡段不均匀沉降与钢轨变形的映射关系及动力学应用[J]. 中国科学: 技术科学, 2018, 48(8): 881-890. HE Chunyan, CHEN Zhaowei, ZHAI Wanming. Mapping relationship between uneven settlement of subgrade and rail deformation in subgrade-bridge transition section and its dynamic application[J]. Scientia Sinica (Technologica), 2018, 48(8): 881-890.
[51]	XU L, ZHAI W M. Train–track coupled dynamics analysis: system spatial variation on geometry, physics and mechanics[J]. Railway Engineering Science, 2020, 28(1): 36-53. doi: 10.1007/s40534-020-00203-0
[52]	REN J J, DENG S J, ZHANG K Y, et al. Design theories and maintenance technologies of slab tracks for high-speed railways in China: a review[J]. Transportation Safety and Environment, 2021, 3(4): tdab024. doi: 10.1093/tse/tdab024
[53]	SONG L, CHEN L B, ZHU M D, et al. Durability study of CRTS Ⅲ slab ballastless track under the combined effects of fatigue damage and carbonation[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2025, 469: 140454. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.140454
[54]	SETIAMANAH D T, PISCESA B, SUPROBO P, et al. Fatigue behavior of the reinforced concrete slab-track[J]. Case Studies in Construction Materials, 2026, 24: e05789. doi: 10.1016/j.cscm.2026.e05789
[55]	LIU Y, JIANG X J, LI Q T, et al. Failure analysis and fatigue life prediction of high-speed rail clips based on DIC technique[J]. Advances in Mechanical Engineering, 2021, 13(12): 16878140211066225.
[56]	YAN Z Q, SHI J, MA D K, et al. Experimental and numerical analysis of the static‒dynamic characteristics and vibration fatigue failure mechanism of railway fastening clips[J]. International Journal of Rail Transportation, 2024, 12(3): 414-436. doi: 10.1080/23248378.2023.2180677
[57]	GAO X G, WANG A B, LIU L, et al. Analysis of failure mechanism of W1-type fastening clip in high speed railway and structure study of damping composite[J]. Engineering Failure Analysis, 2020, 118: 104848. doi: 10.1016/j.engfailanal.2020.104848
[58]	LI Z, LIU H B, WANG W D, et al. The effect of fastener clip fatigue for high-speed railway on vehicle-track dynamic interaction: numerical analysis and probabilistic evaluation[J]. Applied Mathematical Modelling, 2024, 135: 269-305. doi: 10.1016/j.apm.2024.06.044
[59]	LUO J, TANG P Y, XU P, et al. Efficient predictive model for high-frequency fatigue life of high-speed railway fastening clips using particle swarm optimization algorithm[J]. Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, 2025, 235: 112884. doi: 10.1016/j.ymssp.2025.112884
[60]	罗俊, 唐培洋, 朱胜阳, 等. 一种抗高频疲劳的高速铁路扣件弹条设计方法及系统: CN120671297B[P]. 2025-12-12.
[61]	SHRESTHA S, SPIRYAGIN M, BERNAL E, et al. Recent advances in wheel-rail RCF and wear testing[J]. Friction, 2023, 11(12): 2181-2203. doi: 10.1007/s40544-022-0705-7
[62]	WU Q, BERNAL E, SPIRYAGIN M, et al. Heavy haul rail/wheel wear and RCF assessments using 3D train models and a new wear map[J]. Wear, 2024, 538/539: 205226.
[63]	李浩, 孙加林, 赵国堂. 动车所小半径曲线钢轨磨耗研究[J]. 中国铁道科学, 2020, 41(6): 39-51. LI Hao, SUN Jialin, ZHAO Guotang. Research on rail wear of small radius curve in EMU depot[J]. China Railway Science, 2020, 41(6): 39-51.
[64]	孙宇, 翟婉明. 钢轨磨耗演变预测模型研究[J]. 铁道学报, 2017, 39(8): 1-9. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-8360.2017.08.001 SUN Yu, ZHAI Wanming. A prediction model for rail wear evolution[J]. Journal of the China Railway Society, 2017, 39(8): 1-9. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-8360.2017.08.001
[65]	ZHAI W M, GAO J M, LIU P F, et al. Reducing rail side wear on heavy-haul railway curves based on wheel–rail dynamic interaction[J]. Vehicle System Dynamics, 2014, 52(S1): 440-454. doi: 10.1080/00423114.2014.906633
[66]	KHORAMZAD E, HOSSEIN-NIA S, CALDWELL R, et al. Rail profile design optimisation for a broad-gauge heavy haul line[J]. Vehicle System Dynamics, 2025: 1-24.
[67]	高亮, 王璞, 蔡小培, 等. 客货混行条件下神朔重载铁路小半径曲线超高调整方案研究[J]. 振动与冲击, 2016, 35(18): 222-228. doi: 10.13465/j.cnki.jvs.2016.14.036 GAO Liang, WANG Pu, CAI Xiaopei, et al. Superelevation modification for the small-radius curve of Shen-Shuo railway under mixed traffic of passenger and freight trains[J]. Journal of Vibration and Shock, 2016, 35(18): 222-228. doi: 10.13465/j.cnki.jvs.2016.14.036
[68]	侯传伦, 翟婉明, 邓锐. 曲线磨耗状态下轮轨弹塑性接触有限元分析[J]. 中国铁道科学, 2009, 30(5): 28-33. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1001-4632.2009.05.005 HOU Chuanlun, ZHAI Wanming, DENG Rui. Finite element analysis of the elastic-plastic contact of the worn wheels and rails on curve[J]. China Railway Science, 2009, 30(5): 28-33. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1001-4632.2009.05.005
[69]	YANG Y D, WANG J X, LI Y, et al. A mechanism-data dual-driven approach for predicting profile changes in rails[J]. Wear, 2025, 578: 206172. doi: 10.1016/j.wear.2025.206172
[70]	ZHU S Y, LI S H, LI H Z, et al. Rail wear characteristics and key parameters optimization for heavy-haul railway small-radius curves[J]. Heavy Rail, 2026, 2: 100005. doi: 10.1016/j.hrail.2026.100005
[71]	GAO X G, FENG Q S, WANG Z Q, et al. Study on dynamic characteristics and wide temperature range modification of elastic pad of high-speed railway fastener[J]. Engineering Failure Analysis, 2023, 151: 107376. doi: 10.1016/j.engfailanal.2023.107376
[72]	韦凯, 张攀, 王平. 扣件胶垫刚度的幅频变对轮轨耦合系统随机频响特征的影响[J]. 工程力学, 2017, 34(4): 108-115. doi: 10.6052/j.issn.1000-4750.2015.09.0805 WEI Kai, ZHANG Pan, WANG Ping. Influence of amplitude-and frequency-dependent stiffness of rail pads on the frequency-domain random vibration of vehicle-track coupled system[J]. Engineering Mechanics, 2017, 34(4): 108-115. doi: 10.6052/j.issn.1000-4750.2015.09.0805
[73]	张大伟, 王开云, 翟婉明, 等. 重载铁路轨枕空吊对轮轨动力相互作用的影响研究[J]. 振动与冲击, 2017, 36(18): 1-7. ZHANG Dawei, WANG Kaiyun, ZHAI Wanming, et al. Effect of unsupported sleepers on the wheel/rail dynamic interaction on heavy-haul railway lines[J]. Journal of Vibration and Shock, 2017, 36(18): 1-7.
[74]	CHI Y H, XIAO H, WANG Y, et al. Experimental study and numerical simulation of the impact of under-sleeper pads on the dynamic and static mechanical behavior of heavy-haul railway ballast track[J]. Railway Engineering Science, 2024, 32(3): 384-400. doi: 10.1007/s40534-024-00337-5
[75]	肖宏, 崔旭浩, 令行, 等. 弹性轨枕对有砟道床宏细观力学特性的影响[J]. 中南大学学报(自然科学版), 2023, 54(9): 3776-3785. XIAO Hong, CUI Xuhao, LING Xing, et al. Effects of elastic sleeper on macro and micro mechanical properties of ballast bed[J]. Journal of Central South University (Science and Technology), 2023, 54(9): 3776-3785.
[76]	HE Q L, LI S H, YANG Y, et al. A novel modelling method for heavy-haul train-track-long-span bridge interaction considering an improved track-bridge relationship[J]. Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, 2024, 220: 111691. doi: 10.1016/j.ymssp.2024.111691
[77]	PAN B Y, LI R Y, HE Q L, et al. Dynamic analysis of heavy-haul train-track-bridge system in curved section considering friction wedge of wagon[J]. Vehicle System Dynamics, 2025: 1-26.
[78]	翟婉明, 蔡成标, 王开云. 轨道刚度对列车走行性能的影响[J]. 铁道学报, 2000, 22(6): 80-83. ZHAI Wanming, CAI Chengbiao, WANG Kaiyun. Effect of track stiffness on train running behavior[J]. Journal of the China Railway Society, 2000, 22(6): 80-83.
[79]	MYSKOWSKI B, DE O LIMA A, EDWARDS J R. Under tie (sleeper) pads: a state of the art review[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2023, 383: 131239. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2023.131239
[80]	杨吉忠, 赵鑫, 胡连军, 等. 40 t轴重重载铁路扣件刚度研究[J]. 铁道工程学报, 2016, 33(10): 55-60. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-2106.2016.10.012 YANG Jizhong, ZHAO Xin, HU Lianjun, et al. Research on the fastener stiffness of heavy haul railway running 40 t axleload trains[J]. Journal of Railway Engineering Society, 2016, 33(10): 55-60. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-2106.2016.10.012
[81]	NABOCHENKO O, SYSYN M, KRUMNOW N, et al. Mechanism of cross-level settlements and void accumulation of wide and conventional sleepers in railway ballast[J]. Railway Engineering Science, 2024, 32(3): 361-383. doi: 10.1007/s40534-024-00329-5
[82]	ZHAO W Z, XIAO H, LI X T, et al. Mechanical behavior analysis of enhanced railway sleepers for small radius curves[J]. Computational Particle Mechanics, 2025, 12(5): 2745-2758. doi: 10.1007/s40571-025-00947-8
[83]	QIAN Z X, XIAO H, CHEN Z P, et al. Research on dynamic response characteristics of ballast bed with side-projected sleeper based on polyhedral particles[J]. Transportation Geotechnics, 2026, 56: 101745. doi: 10.1016/j.trgeo.2025.101745
[84]	YAGHMOUR E, ANDRAWES B. Concrete sleepers in modern railways: a review of innovative material technologies[J]. Engineering Failure Analysis, 2026, 184: 110305. doi: 10.1016/j.engfailanal.2025.110305
[85]	WANG X L, LEI L, YU H. A review on microstructural features and mechanical properties of wheels/rails cladded by laser cladding[J]. Micromachines, 2021, 12(2): 152. doi: 10.3390/mi12020152
[86]	YANG K Q, ZHANG T L, ZHU Z M, et al. Review of laser cladding coating on wear and fatigue of railway wheels/rails[J]. Materials Science and Technology, 2024, 40(9): 651-664. doi: 10.1177/02670836241236051
[87]	YILDIRIMLI K, BOSCHETTI PEREIRA H, GOLDENSTEIN H, et al. Scaling-up laser cladding of rails[J]. Wear, 2024, 540: 205227. doi: 10.1016/j.wear.2023.205227
[88]	HE X B, HUANG H X, WANG L. Strength growth mechanism of lithium carbonate modified high-fluidity calcium sulphoaluminate cement-based mortar for rapid repair[J]. Journal of Building Engineering, 2025, 106: 112600. doi: 10.1016/j.jobe.2025.112600
[89]	ZHU H S, LAN X L, ZENG X H, et al. Enhancement of the energy dissipation capacity C-S-H gel through self-crosslinking the poly (vinyl alcohol)[J]. Cement and Concrete Research, 2024, 185: 107648. doi: 10.1016/j.cemconres.2024.107648
[90]	LONG Z F, LONG G C, TANG Z, et al. Analysis of hydration kinetics in high early-strength cementitious system with calcium sulphoaluminate cement and CSH seeds[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2024, 448: 138222. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2024.138222
[91]	JORESS H, COOK R, MCDANNALD A, et al. Autonomous cementitious materials formulation platform for critical infrastructure repair[J]. Digital Discovery, 2024, 3(2): 231-237. doi: 10.1039/D3DD00211J
[92]	XIE K Z, DAI W W, ZHAO W G, et al. Study of the diffusion characteristics of repair slurry for the interface damage in CRTS Ⅱ slab ballastless track considering the time-varying viscosity[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2025, 467: 140429. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.140429
[93]	SAFARI F, REZAIE M, ESMAEILI M, et al. Application of waste materials for concrete and composite railway sleeper production: a review[J]. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F: Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit, 2025, 239(4): 333-351. doi: 10.1177/09544097251316710
[94]	KHALIFA O H, ABD-ELATY M A A, GHAZY M F. Sustainable railway concrete sleepers using fibrous rubberized geopolymer concrete[J]. Engineering Structures, 2026, 346: 121596. doi: 10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.121596
[95]	PEREIRA P, MOTTA R, NETO A G, et al. Field assessment of different tamping operations for newly constructed or renovated railway tracks[J]. International Journal of Rail Transportation, 2025, 13(2): 402-424. doi: 10.1080/23248378.2024.2338835
[96]	CHAROENWONG C, CONNOLLY D P, WANG T, et al. Prediction of future railway ballast tamping requirements[J]. Transportation Geotechnics, 2025, 55: 101652. doi: 10.1016/j.trgeo.2025.101652