Study on Magnetic Force Characteristics of Ground Coils and Side-Wall Beams in High-Speed Superconducting Maglev Transportation
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摘要:
厘清机-电-磁多场耦合作用下零磁通线圈与侧壁梁承受的磁力特性，对超导电动悬浮系统线圈模组设计及轨道结构建造具有重要指导意义. 为此，参照日本山梨线电动悬浮系统参数，基于动态电路原理建立电动磁力数值计算模型，计算磁浮列车满载运行时单个零磁通线圈、线圈模组及侧壁梁的电动磁力响应，获取了系统磁力的基本特性；然后，探究超导磁体运动参数对电动磁力的影响，统计分析磁体在不同运动速度、下沉量与横移量下动荷载的变化规律. 结果表明：轨道承受的荷载呈增大—稳定—减小的走势，且至少需历经连续11个零磁通线圈才能稳定；电动磁力频域响应中主要特征波长为超导线圈极距1.35 m和2.5倍波长3.375 m；单个零磁通线圈磁力幅值随速度增大而减小，侧壁梁承受磁力均值逐渐增大，磁力中包含多个零磁通线圈时，其大小由感应电流与速度共同决定，主频逐渐由1.35 m波长向3.375 m波长对应频率转移；速度为200～600 km/h时，侧壁梁磁力响应的主频为17～49 Hz，结合磁浮列车常用运行速度为400～600 km/h，建议侧壁梁结构基阶频率不应超过33 Hz；轨道承受的横向力对超导磁体横移量敏感，为提升侧壁梁结构的动力稳定性，应尽量确保磁体不出现较大的横向偏移.
Abstract:Clarifying the magnetic force characteristics of null-flux coils and side-wall beams under mechanical, electrical, and magnetic multi-field coupling has significant guiding value for the design of coil modules and the construction of track structures in superconducting electrodynamic suspension systems. To this end, an electrodynamic force numerical calculation model was established based on the dynamic circuit principle, referencing the parameters of the Yamanashi line electrodynamic suspension system in Japan. The electrodynamic force responses of a single null-flux coil, coil module, and side-wall beam under the full-load operation of the maglev train were calculated, and the basic characteristics of the system magnetic force were obtained. Subsequently, the influence of motion parameters of superconducting magnets on the electrodynamic force was explored, and the variation rules of dynamic loads of magnets under different motion speeds, sinking amounts, and lateral displacements were statistically analyzed. The results indicate that the load on the track follows an increase, stabilization, and decrease trend, and it takes at least 11 consecutive null-flux coils to stabilize; the main characteristic wavelengths in the frequency-domain response of electrodynamic force are the superconducting coil pole pitch of 1.35 m and the 2.5-times wavelength of 3.375 m; the magnetic force amplitude of a single null-flux coil decreases with the increase of speed, and the average magnetic force acting on the side-wall beam gradually increases. When the magnetic force involves multiple null-flux coils, its magnitude is jointly determined by the induced current and speed, and the fundamental frequency gradually shifts from the frequency corresponding to the 1.35 m wavelength to that of the 3.375 m wavelength; at the speed of 200–600 km/h, the fundamental frequency of the side-wall beam’s magnetic force response ranges from 17 to 49 Hz. By considering that the commonly used operating speed of maglev trains is 400–600 km/h, it is recommended that the fundamental frequency of the side-wall beam structure should not exceed 33 Hz. The lateral force acting on the track is sensitive to the lateral displacement of superconducting magnets; to enhance the dynamic stability of the side-wall beam structure, significant lateral displacements of magnets should be avoided as much as possible.
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Key words:
- electrodynamic suspension /
- null-flux coil /
- track /
- magnetic force /
- characteristic wavelength
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图 1 超导电动悬浮原理及最小拓扑结构的等效电路示意
Figure 1. Schematic diagram of superconducting electrodynamic suspension principle and equivalent circuit of minimum topological structure
图 3 电动磁力数值计算模型验证
Figure 3. Validation of electrodynamic force numerical calculation model
图 4 典型工况下单个零磁通线圈的磁力响应
Figure 4. Magnetic force response of single null-flux coil under typical operating condition
图 5 典型工况下模组与侧壁梁的磁力响应
Figure 5. Magnetic force responses of coil module and side-wall beam under typical operating condition
图 6 不同速度下系统磁力时域响应统计
Figure 6. Statistics of system magnetic force time-domain responses at different speeds
图 7 不同速度下系统磁力的频域响应
Figure 7. Frequency-domain responses of system magnetic force at different speeds
图 8 不同下沉量下系统磁力时域响应统计
Figure 8. Statistics of system magnetic force time-domain responses under different sinking amounts
图 9 不同下沉量下侧壁梁磁力的频域响应
Figure 9. Frequency-domain responses of side-wall beam magnetic force under different sinking amounts
图 10 不同横移量下系统磁力时域响应统计
Figure 10. Statistics of system magnetic force time-domain responses under different lateral displacements
图 11 不同横移量下侧壁梁横向磁力响应
Figure 11. Lateral magnetic force responses of side-wall beam under different lateral displacements
表 1 超导电动悬浮系统参数
Table 1. Parameters of superconducting electrodynamic suspension system
线圈类型 参数 数值 零磁通线圈 高度/mm 340 长度/mm 350 极距/mm 450 电阻/mΩ 8.928 自感系数/mH 0.288 超导线圈 高度/mm 500 长度/mm 1070 极距/mm 1350 磁动势/kA 700 
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