Review of Power Conversion Technologies for Aerospace Pulsed Power Loads
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摘要:
随着机载、星载等电力电子装备的快速发展，脉冲功率类负载在航空航天领域的应用愈发广泛. 此类负载具有高峰均功率比、宽频变化及再生电能等强脉冲特性，对有限容量的航空航天供电系统造成剧烈冲击，易引发电压电流波动甚至系统失效. 本文针对航空航天脉冲负载功率变换技术进行系统性综述. 首先，梳理了航空交直流电源系统与航天飞行器机电伺服系统的典型供电架构及其主要特点；随后，分类归纳了单级式、并联式、级联式等脉冲负载功率抑制拓扑的结构特点及适用场景；接着，分析面向不同拓扑的高动态快速控制技术，阐述各类控制策略的核心原理及控制目标；最后，总结供电系统稳定性验证的建模方法与评估方法，探讨各方法的优势、局限性及适配场景. 现有研究已在拓扑改进与控制策略方面取得较多成果，但针对航空航天脉冲负载特性的功率变换技术的系统性理论体系有待进一步完善，且在动态响应提升、多工况适配及强时变工况下的稳定性评估等方面仍存在挑战. 本文综述可为航空航天脉冲负载功率变换技术的后续研究与工程应用提供全面参考.
Abstract:With the rapid development of airborne and spaceborne power electronic equipment, the application of pulsed power loads is becoming increasingly widespread in the aerospace field. These loads have strong pulsed characteristics such as high peak-to-average power ratio, wideband variation, and regenerative electric energy, which cause severe impacts on aerospace power supply systems with limited capacity, easily triggering voltage and current fluctuations and even system failures. A systematic review of power conversion technologies for aerospace pulsed power loads was presented. First, the typical power supply architectures and their main features of aeronautical AC/DC power systems and spacecraft electromechanical servo systems were summarized. Subsequently, the structural characteristics and applicable scenarios of pulsed power load suppression topologies such as single-stage, parallel, and cascaded types were classified and summarized. Then, the high-dynamic fast control technologies for different topologies were analyzed, and the core principles and control objectives of various control strategies were elaborated. Finally, the modeling and evaluation methods for stability verification of power supply systems were summarized, and the advantages, limitations, and suitable scenarios of each method were discussed. Existing studies have made many achievements in topology improvement and control strategies, but the systematic theoretical system of power conversion technologies targeting the characteristics of aerospace pulsed power loads needs to be further improved, and challenges still exist in aspects such as dynamic response enhancement, multi-condition adaptation, and stability evaluation under strong time-varying conditions. The review can provide a comprehensive reference for the subsequent research and engineering applications of power conversion technologies for aerospace pulsed power loads.
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图 1 航空航天脉冲负载工作波形示意
Figure 1. Schematic of working waveforms of aerospace pulsed power load
图 2 航空航天脉冲负载功率系统供电架构
Figure 2. Power supply architecture of aerospace pulsed power load system
图 3 基于全桥LLC变换器的单级式拓扑
Figure 3. Single-stage topology based on full-bridge LLC converter
图 4 基于H桥储能单元的单级式拓扑
Figure 4. Single-stage topology based on H-bridge energy storage unitr
图 5 级联式拓扑中的前级DC-DC变换器拓扑
Figure 5. Topology of front-end DC-DC converter in cascaded topology
图 7 基于双输出PSFB变换器的输出电压补偿型级联式拓扑
Figure 7. Output voltage compensation-type cascaded topology based on dual-output PSFB converter
图 8 并联式拓扑中的双向DC-DC变换器拓扑
Figure 8. Bidirectional DC-DC converter topologies in parallel topology
图 9 基于输出电压前馈的虚拟多准陷波滤波器控制策略
Figure 9. Virtual multi-quasi notch filter control strategy based on output voltage feedforward
图 12 三态双电感双向变换器滞环电流控制策略
Figure 12. Hysteresis current control strategy for three state dual-inductor bidirectional converter
图 14 储能电容电压前馈与负载电流预调节控制策略
Figure 14. Storage capacitor voltage feedforward and load current pre-regulation control strategy
图 15 基于滤波器的电压电流双环控制策略
Figure 15. Filter-based voltage and current dual-loop control strategy
图 22 负载电流前馈-反向电荷恒定导通时间控制策略
Figure 22. Load current feedforward-inverse charge constant on-time control strategy
图 24 适用于多路并行负载系统的电压稳定评估方法
Figure 24. Voltage stability evaluation method for multi-parallel load systems
图 25 基于哈密顿表面塑形功率流理论的稳定性评估方法
Figure 25. Stability evaluation method based on Hamiltonian surface shaping power flow theory
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