Damage Mechanism of Heavy-Haul Locomotive Wheels on Long Heavy Downhill Slopes with Low Adhesion
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摘要:
为探明重载列车制动通过低黏着长大下坡道时机车车轮的损伤机理，以两万吨重载组合列车的从控机车为对象，建立考虑纵向冲动的重载机车车轮损伤分析模型，主要包括两万吨重载组合列车纵向动力学模型、考虑防滑控制的机车车辆与轨道空间相互作用模型和车轮损伤预测模型；基于该模型分析电制动操纵工况下从控机车的车轮损伤分布，并进一步探究轨面黏着参数和防滑控制算法参数对从控机车车轮损伤的影响. 仿真结果表明：1） 车钩力会导致从控机车A节和B节通过低黏着区域时的车轮黏着性能及滑行特征不同，进而导致从控机车各个车轮的损伤值存在差异；正常黏着轨面条件下，车轮损伤以疲劳损伤为主，在不同接触斑的特性参数匹配下，车轮损伤会由疲劳损伤逐步转变为磨耗损伤. 2） 不同的防滑控制阈值在复杂轨面黏着和制动条件下对车轮损伤的影响存在差异；当电制动力卸载比例由0.4提高至1.0时，各个轮对的车轮损伤值最大降低了88.9%；当制动力的卸载斜率由5 kN/s提高至30 kN/s，各轮对的车轮损伤值最大降幅可达92.4%，而将恢复斜率由15 kN/s降低至1 kN/s时，该最大降幅为80.0%.
Abstract:To investigate the damage mechanism of locomotive wheels during the braking of heavy-haul trains on long heavy downhill slopes with low adhesion, a wheel damage analysis model for heavy-haul locomotives considering longitudinal impulses was established focusing on the slave control locomotive of a 20,000-ton heavy-haul combined train. This model mainly included a longitudinal dynamics model of the 20,000-ton heavy-haul combined train, a vehicle-track spatial interaction model considering anti-slip control, and a wheel damage prediction model. Based on this model, the wheel damage distribution of the slave control locomotive under electric braking conditions was analyzed, and the effects of rail surface adhesion parameters and anti-slip control algorithm parameters on the wheel damage of the slave control locomotive were further explored. Simulation results indicate that: 1) Coupler forces lead to different wheel adhesion performance and sliding characteristics between Section A and Section B of the slave control locomotive when passing through low-adhesion areas, which in turn results in differences in the damage values among individual wheels of the slave control locomotive. Under normal rail adhesion conditions, the wheel damage is predominantly fatigue damage; with characteristic parameter matchings of different contact patches, the wheel damage gradually transforms from fatigue damage to wear damage. 2) Different anti-slip control thresholds exhibit varying effects on wheel damage under complex rail adhesion and braking conditions. When the electric braking force reduction ratio increases from 0.4 to 1.0, the maximum wheel damage value of each wheelset decreases by 88.9%. When the braking force reduction slope increases from 5 kN/s to 30 kN/s, the maximum decrease in the wheel damage value of each wheelset reaches 92.4%, and when the recovery slope decreases from 15 kN/s to 1 kN/s, the maximum decrease is 80.0%.
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Key words:
- heavy-haul locomotive /
- wheel damage /
- damage prediction /
- braking operation /
- anti-slip control /
- longitudinal impulse
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图 1 考虑列车制动操纵的重载机车车轮损伤预测模型框架
Figure 1. Framework of wheel damage prediction model for heavy-haul locomotives considering train braking operation
图 7 电制动工况下从控机车动态响应与车轮损伤
Figure 7. Dynamic response and wheel damage of slave control locomotive under electric braking condition
图 8 电制动工况下从控机车的轮轨动态相互作用
Figure 8. Wheel-rail dynamic interaction of slave control locomotive under electric braking condition
图 9 电制动工况下机车车钩动态响应
Figure 9. Dynamic response of locomotive coupler under electric braking condition
图 10 单一接触斑的特性参数变化对从控机车车轮损伤值总和的影响
Figure 10. Effect of characteristic parameter variation of single contact patch on total wheel damage value of slave control locomotive
图 11 不同接触斑的特性参数匹配下的从控机车车轮损伤值总和
Figure 11. Total wheel damage value of slave control locomotive under characteristic parameter matchings of different contact patches
图 12 单一动摩擦系数的特性参数变化对从控机车的制动力矩和车轮损伤值总和的影响
Figure 12. Effect of characteristic parameter variation of single kinetic friction coefficient on braking torque and total wheel damage value of slave control locomotive
图 13 不同动摩擦系数的特性参数匹配下从控机车的车轮损伤值总和
Figure 13. Total wheel damage value of slave control locomotive under characteristic parameter matchings of different kinetic friction coefficients
图 14 不同速度差触发阈值下的从控机车车轮损伤值
Figure 14. Wheel damage value of slave control locomotive under different speed difference trigger thresholds
图 15 不同速度差恢复阈值下的从控机车车轮损伤值
Figure 15. Wheel damage value of slave control locomotive under different speed difference recovery thresholds
图 16 不同制动力卸载比例下的从控机车车轮损伤值
Figure 16. Wheel damage value of slave control locomotive under different braking force reduction ratios
图 17 不同制动力卸载斜率下的从控机车车轮损伤值
Figure 17. Wheel damage value of slave control locomotive under different braking force reduction slopes
图 18 不同制动力恢复斜率下的从控机车车轮损伤值
Figure 18. Wheel damage value of slave control locomotive under different braking force recovery slopes
参数 萌生阈值/N 发展速率/（×10−6（转·N）−1） 疲劳损伤 磨耗损伤 疲劳损伤 磨耗损伤 R8E 20 100 3.6 −5.4 ER8 20.6 103 3.6 −5.4 
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