月球磁悬浮车辆设计构想与研究进展

邓自刚; 柯志昊; 石嘉恒; 杨轶莹; 李佳林; 吴涌涛; 石洪富; 张卫华

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0258-2724.20260076

月球磁悬浮车辆设计构想与研究进展

doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-2724.20260076

邓自刚^{1, 2, ,},
柯志昊¹,
石嘉恒¹,
杨轶莹³,
李佳林¹,
吴涌涛¹,
石洪富²,
张卫华^{1, 2}

1.
西南交通大学轨道交通运载系统全国重点实验室，四川成都 610031
2.
西南交通大学超高速真空管道磁浮交通研究中心，四川成都 610031
3.
西南交通大学信息科学与技术学院，四川成都 611756

基金项目: 中央高校基本科研业务费专项（2682023CG010）

详细信息

通讯作者:
邓自刚（1982—），男，研究员，博士，研究方向为磁悬浮动力技术及应用，E-mail： deng@swjtu.cn

中图分类号: U293.22
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- 文章访问数: 82
- HTML全文浏览量: 53
- PDF下载量: 40
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2026-01-31
- 网络出版日期: 2026-04-16

Design Concept and Research Progress of Lunar Maglev Vehicle

1.
State Key Laboratory of Rail Transit Vehicle System, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
2.
Research Center for Super-High-Speed Evacuated Tube Maglev Transport, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031 China
3.
School of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China

摘要

摘要:
随着国际月球科研站建设进入工程实施阶段，月面基地与矿区之间的高效物流运输成为支撑月球资源开发的核心需求，而传统轮式月球车在低重力与松软月壤环境下面临严峻的技术瓶颈. 为探索突破轮式系统物理极限的新型月面运输方案，本文提出了一种基于Halbach永磁轮的磁悬浮月球车概念，系统论证了其技术可行性与环境适配性，并对国内外相关技术的发展历史做了简要回顾. 首先，从发展现状、环境约束、失效模式及性能瓶颈四个层面梳理了轮式月球车技术的目前困境；其次，围绕非黏着驱动机制、低重力载重增益、原位资源路面建造及极低温电磁增效角度探究了磁悬浮月球车与月球环境适配的四重优势，并与现有月球车技术进行了对比分析；最后，综述了团队在永磁轮电动悬浮车辆电磁建模、动力学分析、稳定控制及样机验证等方面的研究成果，还阐明了后续向月球环境移植的关键科学问题及未来研究展望. 研究结果表明：传统轮式月球车的性能瓶颈源于接触式行走机构对月壤物理环境的依赖，NASA等机构已开展磁悬浮技术的地外应用探索；所提出的永磁轮磁悬浮月球车结构简单、环境适应性好，现已完成"电磁-动力学-控制-样机研制"的闭环研究；作为月面工程条件下的概念方案，其未来需重点突破真实环境模拟、高延迟自主通信调控及导体板路面原位制造等关键技术，以期为构建可靠的月面交通网络提供支撑.
- 月球磁悬浮车辆 /
- 永磁电动悬浮 /
- Halbach永磁轮 /
- 月球资源开发 /
- 磁悬浮交通
Abstract:
Efficient logistics transportation between lunar bases and mining areas becomes a core requirement for lunar resource exploitation as the international lunar research station enters the engineering implementation phase. Conventional wheeled lunar rovers face severe technical bottlenecks in low-gravity and soft lunar soil environments. A maglev lunar rover concept based on Halbach permanent-magnet wheels is proposed to explore a new lunar transportation scheme that breaks the physical limits of wheeled systems. Its technical feasibility and environmental adaptability are demonstrated, and the development history of related technologies worldwide is reviewed. The current dilemmas of wheeled lunar rover technology are sorted out from four aspects: development status, environmental constraints, failure modes and performance bottlenecks. Four advantages of maglev lunar rovers adapting to lunar environments are analyzed, including non-adhesive drive mechanism, low-gravity load gain, in-situ resource pavement construction and ultra-low-temperature electromagnetic enhancement, and comparisons with existing lunar rover technologies are conducted. Research achievements of the team on electromagnetic modeling, dynamic analysis, stability control and prototype verification of permanent-magnet wheel electrodynamic suspension vehicles are summarized, and key scientific issues and future research prospects for subsequent transplantation to lunar environments are discussed. The results show that the performance bottleneck of conventional wheeled lunar rovers originates from the dependence of contact walking mechanisms on the physical properties of lunar soil. Institutions such as NASA have carried out extraterrestrial application explorations of maglev technology. The proposed permanent-magnet wheel maglev lunar rover features simple structure and good environmental adaptability, and has completed the closed-loop research of "electromagnetics-dynamics-control-prototype development". As a conceptual scheme under known lunar engineering conditions, it needs to break through key technologies including real environment simulation, high-latency autonomous communication regulation and conductor-plate pavement in-situ manufacturing to provide support for the construction of reliable lunar transportation networks.
- lunar maglev rover /
- permanent magnet electrodynamic suspension /
- Halbach permanent magnet wheel /
- lunar resource exploitation /
- magnetic levitation transportation

HTML全文

图 1 月球探测车辆演变示意^[17]

Figure 1. Schematic diagram of the evolution of lunar exploration rovers^[17]

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图 2 轮式月球车新型车轮构型

Figure 2. Novel wheel configurations of wheeled lunar rovers

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图 3 月球“秦直道”设想与施工步骤^[31]

Figure 3. Concept and Construction Steps of Lunar “Qinzhidao”^[31]

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图 4 月球质量投射器构想图^[38-39]

Figure 4. Conceptual Diagram of the Lunar Mass Driver^[38-39]

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图 5 轨道柔性磁悬浮系统概念图^[47-48]

Figure 5. Conceptual Diagram of the FLOAT^[47-48]

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图 6 月表磁悬浮车辆电磁力原理

Figure 6. Schematic diagram of electromagnetic force principle for lunar surface maglev vehicle

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图 7 月球磁悬浮车辆系统结构示意^[52]

Figure 7. Schematic diagram of the system structure of lunar maglev vehicle^[52]

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图 8 月壤成分组成一览^[54]

Figure 8. Schematic diagram of lunar regolith composition^[54]

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图 9 永磁轮三维电磁力理论模型示意

Figure 9. Schematic diagram of the theoretical model for 3D electromagnetic force of permanent magnet wheel

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图 10 基于二次感应的永磁轮电磁性能提升方法示意^[59]

Figure 10. Schematic of the method for improving electromagnetic performance of permanent magnet wheel based on secondary induction^[59]

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图 11 月球磁悬浮车辆运行示意

Figure 11. Schematic diagram of the operation of lunar magnetic levitation vehicle

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图 12 月球磁浮车辆静浮稳定性

Figure 12. Static levitation stability of lunar maglev vehicle

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表 1 典型月球移动装备分析对比

Table 1. Analysis and comparison of typical lunar mobile equipment

对比维度	驱动机制	地形适应	运动阻力	系统复杂度
轮式	黏着机械摩擦	中（月壤承载弱）	高（沉陷效应）	中（机构成熟）
履带式/多足式	机械摩擦	高（跨障能力强）	高（机械摩擦大）	高（关节冗余）
跳跃式/弹跳式	机构储能	高（地形影响小）	极高（瞬时力）	中（缓冲复杂）
永磁电动悬浮式	非接触式电磁感应	高（路面要求低）	低（非接触磁阻）	低（无传动部件）

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表 2 原理样机结构形式和技术特点汇总

Table 2. Summary of structural forms and technical characteristics of the prototype

研究历程		关键技术	设备图
核心部件永磁轮	永磁轮单轮测试装置^[84]	单轮动态特性验证
	轮毂集成式永磁轮^[85]	环形Halbach磁体镶嵌
	永磁轮双轮实验平台^[85]	永磁轮对悬浮驱动一体化验证
月球磁浮车辆原理样机	月球磁悬浮车辆概念样机^[79]	采用铝合金车身，四轮分布式驱动
	轨道式四轮磁浮小车模型^[63]	L型轨道被动导向，辅助稳定行驶
	被动阻尼板式磁悬浮车辆	阻尼板提升偏航稳定性
	主动导向式磁悬浮车辆^[81]	偏转舵机实现主动姿态控制
	内置磁盘式磁悬浮车辆	角动量磁盘抗扭，提升悬浮稳定性
	重心下沉式磁悬浮车辆	下沉式重心，提高运行稳定性
实车和高速验证平台	磁悬浮车辆动态测试平台^[63]	实现低速下悬浮、导向力解耦调节
	时速600公里级高速动轨试验台^[86]	评估高速运动下，磁轮电磁性能
	载人磁悬浮车辆科学装置	全尺寸要素化，吨级载重下验证功能

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表 3 全尺寸实车的总体设计参数

Table 3. Overall Design Parameters of the Full-Size Prototype Vehicle

总体参数	数值
整车载重/kg	2160
整车尺寸/mm	3530 × 2362 × 865
悬浮间隙/mm	10-15
设计时速/（km·h⁻¹）	30-200

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月球磁悬浮车辆设计构想与研究进展

doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-2724.20260076

通讯作者: 邓自刚（1982—），男，研究员，博士，研究方向为磁悬浮动力技术及应用，E-mail： deng@swjtu.cn

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Design Concept and Research Progress of Lunar Maglev Vehicle

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通讯作者:
邓自刚（1982—），男，研究员，博士，研究方向为磁悬浮动力技术及应用，E-mail： deng@swjtu.cn