Recent Advances in Research on Slope Stability Assessment and Protection Technologies under Extreme Freeze-Thaw Environments
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摘要:
全球气候变化导致极端低温与剧烈温差事件日益频繁，极端冻融区天然与工程斜坡失稳致灾风险加剧，严重威胁工程建设运维. 极端冻融环境下斜坡失稳演化呈现多场耦合、多因素叠加的复杂特征，表现为“冻融作用—斜坡体水热演化—岩土体劣化—失稳触发”的递进关系. 本文系统梳理了冻融环境下岩土体力学特性劣化规律、斜坡水热演化规律及其与失稳模式的耦合机制，阐述考虑冻融效应的斜坡稳定性评估方法，包括简化计算方法与数值模拟计算方法；总结了适用于冻融环境的斜坡防护与加固技术进展，特别关注防护结构在冻胀荷载作用下的受力特征与设计要点；探讨在多灾害耦合效应计算、高山冻土斜坡失稳链生灾害风险评估等领域的发展新思路，为高寒、高海拔地区重大工程的建设运维与风险防控提供工程参考与科学依据.
Abstract:Global climate change leads to increasingly frequent extreme low-temperature and severe temperature difference events, intensifying the disaster risk from the instability of natural and engineering slopes in extreme freeze-thaw regions and seriously threatening engineering construction, operation, and maintenance. Under extreme freeze-thaw environments, the slope instability evolution presents complex characteristics of multi-field coupling and multi-factor superposition, which is manifested as a progressive relationship of “freeze-thaw action, hydro-thermal evolution of slope mass, geomaterial degradation, and instability triggering”. The degradation laws of mechanical properties of geomaterials, the hydro-thermal evolution laws of slopes, and their coupling mechanisms with instability modes under freeze-thaw environments were systematically reviewed. The slope stability assessment methods considering freeze-thaw effects were elaborated, including simplified calculation methods and numerical simulation calculation methods. Advances in slope protection and reinforcement technologies suitable for freeze-thaw environments were summarized, with particular attention paid to the mechanical characteristics and design key points of protective structures under frost heave loads. New development ideas in fields such as the calculation of multi-hazard coupling effects and risk assessment of cascading disasters of alpine frozen soil slope instability were discussed, providing engineering references and scientific bases for the construction, operation, and maintenance, as well as risk prevention and control of major projects in severe cold and high-altitude regions.
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Key words:
- extreme freeze-thaw /
- slope /
- hydro-thermal coupling /
- stability assessment /
- protection technology
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图 3 冻融环境斜坡水热时空演化过程
Figure 3. Spatiotemporal evolution process of hydro-thermal conditions of slopes under freeze-thaw environments
图 4 大气-非饱和斜坡水热耦合相互作用模型简化框架
Figure 4. Simplified framework of hydro-thermal coupling interaction model for atmosphere and unsaturated slope
图 5 地表水分边界条件确定流程
Figure 5. Determination procedure of surface moisture boundary conditions
图 7 冻土土质斜坡典型失稳模式
Figure 7. Schematic diagram of typical instability modes of frozen soil slopes
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