Direct Connection Schemes of Green Electricity and Power Flow Control Methods for Electrified Railways
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摘要:
电气化铁路牵引供电系统与新能源的深度融合，是贯彻国家“双碳”目标、推动轨道交通绿色转型的重要举措. 针对新能源规模化接入需求，结合国家绿电直连策略，本文提出一种牵引供电系统绿电直连技术方案，并研究其潮流控制策略. 首先，对比分析绿电直连不同方案，明确绿电直连贯通供电是实现电网与铁路共赢的最佳选择；在此基础上，考虑电网支撑强度与耦合程度，构建绿电直连网格化贯通供电物理系统的三种构架，基于分段所划界形成供电分区，实现供电分区内的发电、用电和储能相匹配. 其次，建立并网/离网模式下绿电装置与储能装置的控制逻辑，构建以控制器信息流驱动能量流的调控体系；基于分段所电气量信息辨识列车运行状态与牵引负荷功率，实现并网/离网方式下发-储-用的实时电量平衡与自律协同控制. 最后，以实际改造线路为例，验证方案的有效性与经济性. 研究结果表明：绿电直连贯通供电有利于铁路沿线新能源的规模化接入，同时可解决电网负序与牵引网电分相断电区双重痛点，达成零电网干扰与零运行中断的核心目标；通过分段分区供电与潮流自律协同控制，在牵引变电所/牵引绿电所各自管辖区段内实现系统能量自律、运行自律与控制自律. 结合线路数据进行经济性分析，采用磷酸铁锂电池储能装置，考虑并网与离网两种运行场景，初步成本回收期分别约为3.9年和7.2年.
Abstract:Deep integration of traction power supply systems in electrified railways and new energy is an important measure to implement the national “carbon peaking and carbon neutrality” goal and promote the green transformation of rail transit. In view of the demand for large-scale integration of new energy, combined with the national direct connection strategy of green electricity, a technical scheme for the direct connection of green electricity in traction power supply systems was proposed, and its power flow control strategy was studied. Firstly, different schemes for direct connection of green electricity were compared and analyzed, and it was clarified that through-feeding power supply with direct connection of green electricity was the optimal choice to achieve a win-win situation for power grids and railways. On this basis, by considering grid support strength and coupling degree, three architectures of grid-structured through-feeding power supply physical systems with direct connection of green electricity were constructed. Power supply zones were formed based on the demarcation of section posts, realizing the matching of generation, consumption, and energy storage within power supply zones. Secondly, control logics of green electricity devices and energy storage devices under grid-connected/islanded modes were established, and a regulation system driven by controller information flows to direct energy flows was constructed. Based on electrical quantity information of section posts, train operation states and traction load powers were identified, realizing real-time power balance and autonomous coordinated control of generation, storage, and consumption under grid-connected/islanded modes. Finally, taking an actual reconstructed line as an example, the effectiveness and economy of the scheme were verified. Research results indicate that the through-feeding power supply with direct connection of green electricity is conducive to large-scale integration of new energy along railways. Meanwhile, it can solve dual pain points of negative sequence of power grids and power interruption zones of neutral sections in traction networks, achieving the core goals of zero grid interference and zero operation interruption. Through segmented and partitioned power supply and autonomous coordinated control of power flows, energy autonomy, operation autonomy, and control autonomy of the system are realized within respective jurisdiction sections of traction substations and traction green electricity stations. Combined with line data for economic analysis, by adopting lithium iron phosphate battery energy storage devices and considering two operation scenarios of grid-connected and islanded modes, preliminary cost recovery periods are approximately 3.9 years and 7.2 years, respectively.
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图 6 绿电直连电气化铁路贯通供电系统
Figure 6. Through-feeding power supply system of electrified railway with direct connection of green electricity
图 7 绿电直连贯通供电控制框架
Figure 7. Control framework of through-feeding power supply with direct connection of green electricity
图 8 分段分区自律供电示意
Figure 8. Schematic diagram of segmented and partitioned autonomous power supply
表 1 4种直连方案对比
Table 1. Comparison of four direct connection schemes
直连方案 优点 缺点 高压侧直连 与电网共享绿电，节省投资 潮流优化控制复杂，分界点模糊，三相绿电装置受牵引负荷负序影响需采取措施 牵引侧异相直连 适用异相牵引供电系统 绿电直连有助于解决负序问题，牵引网电分相未纳入考虑 牵引侧同相直连 取消电分相，消除断电区，供电品质高，再生绿电自行利用 涉及牵引变电所改造 牵引网分布直连 匹配绿电直连政策，直连灵活，适用于并网和离网多种场景 大规模直连尚待示范验证 
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表 2 光伏和储能推荐配置
Table 2. Recommended configuration of photovoltaic and energy storage
阶段 光伏 储能 弃光率/% 功率/MWp 功率需求/MW 容量需求/（MW·h） 循环次数/年 充放电倍率 并网 12 5 5 763.7 1.00P 0.1 离网 42 35 140 223.8 0.25P 3.8
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表 3 初步产出效益
Table 3. Preliminary output benefits
阶段 降低最大
需量/MW年节省电/
（万kW·h）年收益/
万元成本回收/
年并网 0 1501.7 735.8 3.9 离网 9 5064.0 2818.3 7.2
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表 4 牵引变电所牵引功率
Table 4. Traction power of traction substation
项目 数值 3 s 功率最大值/MW 23.1 24 h 功率平均值/MW 5.8 15 min 最大需量值/MW 9.0 折合年耗电量/（万kW·h） 5064
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