Application of Green and Low-Carbon Technologies in Bridge Engineering: A Review
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摘要:
在全球气候治理与我国“双碳”目标驱动下，桥梁工程作为交通基础设施的重要组成部分，其绿色低碳转型对于降低交通领域碳排放、推动可持续发展具有重要意义. 本文系统梳理绿色低碳技术在桥梁工程中的研究进展、技术体系与工程应用，覆盖桥梁全生命周期，从材料、设计、施工、运维、退役5个环节协同减排，评述其在全生命周期减碳、耐久性提升及抗震性能协同优化中的作用. 材料端以低熟料/高掺量胶凝材料、再生骨料与循环用钢等降低隐含碳并提升耐久性；设计端以寿命周期成本、环境影响协同优化实现控碳决策；施工建造端通过装配化施工、施工装备高效化及运输-组织优化实现直接减排；运维端依托 BIM/物联网/人工智能的状态感知与预测性养护，提高能效并减少不必要的维修活动；末端以退役友好型设计、分级拆解与精细化分选-再生-再制造技术实现材料闭环与最终处置减量. 现阶段仍存在多目标协同设计方法不完善、碳排放评价标准与数据体系不统一以及低碳与抗震性能协同优化不足等关键问题，未来应加强数字孪生与智能优化技术应用，推动低碳新材料研发，完善绿色建造与智能运维体系，并构建材料循环利用与闭环管理机制，深化低碳与抗震韧性协同设计理论，以实现桥梁工程“安全、耐久、低碳、韧性”的可持续发展目标.
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关键词:
- 绿色低碳技术 /
- 桥梁全生命周期 /
- 碳排放核算与减排 /
- 耐久性提升与绿色养护 /
- 低碳抗震设计与韧性
Abstract:Under the impetus of global climate governance and China’s carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals, bridge engineering serves as a vital component of transportation infrastructure. Its green and low-carbon transformation is of great significance for reducing carbon emissions in the transportation sector and promoting sustainable development. The research progress, technical systems, and engineering applications of green and low-carbon technologies in bridge engineering were systematically reviewed. It covered the full life cycle of bridges, ranging from material, design, construction, operation, and maintenance to demolition, aiming to achieve coordinated emission reduction in the five aforementioned stages. The roles in reducing carbon emissions in the full life cycle, enhancing durability, and optimizing seismic performance in a coordinated manner were reviewed. On the material side, low-clinker/high-blended cementitious materials, recycled aggregates, and circular steel were used to reduce embodied carbon and enhance durability. On the design side, the coordinated optimization of life cycle cost and environmental impact was adopted to achieve carbon control decisions. On the construction side, direct emission reduction was achieved through prefabricated construction, efficient construction equipment, and optimized transportation, as well as organization. On the operation and maintenance side, building information modeling (BIM)/Internet of Things/artificial intelligence were utilized for condition perception and predictive maintenance to improve energy efficiency and reduce unnecessary maintenance activities. At the end of the life cycle, retirement-friendly design, hierarchical dismantling, as well as refined sorting, recycling, and remanufacturing technologies were employed to achieve the closed loop of material and final disposal reduction. Currently, there are still key issues such as the imperfection of multi-objective coordinated design methods, the lack of unified carbon emission evaluation standards and data systems, and the insufficient coordinated optimization of low-carbon and seismic performance. In the future, efforts should be made to strengthen the application of digital twin and intelligent optimization technologies, promote the research and development of low-carbon new materials, improve the green construction and intelligent operation and maintenance systems, and establish a material recycling and closed-loop management mechanism. The theory of coordinated design for low-carbon and seismic resilience should also be deepened to achieve the sustainable development goals of “safety, durability, low carbon, and resilience” in bridge engineering.
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图 6 建筑废材与石料的绿色低碳循环利用
Figure 6. Green, low-carbon, and circular utilization of construction waste and stone materials
图 7 中国部分可再生能源分布示意
注：色块颜色代表资源等级，非实际地理边界.
Figure 7. Distribution of some renewable energy in China
图 16 2019—2024年中国可再生能源累计装机容量及同比增长情况
Figure 16. Cumulative installed capacity and year-on-year growth of renewable energy in China from 2019 to 2024
图 25 物联网在桥梁中的应用体系架构
Figure 25. Application system architecture of Internet of Things in bridges
中点方法评价指标 终点方法评价指标 臭氧消耗、全球变暖、烟雾形成、富营养化、酸化、生态毒性、人类健康（癌症）、人类健康（非癌症）、人类健康标准污染物和化石燃料消耗 气候变化、臭氧层消耗、酸化、富营养化、呼吸影响、致癌、电离辐射、生态毒性、土地利用、矿产资源、化石资源 
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表 2 文献计量分析检索策略
Table 2. Bibliometric analysis search strategy
项目 内容 数据库 Web of Science、CNKI （2025年12月版本） 检索日期 2025-12-15 检索字段 题名 + 摘要 + 关键词 文献类型 期刊论文、会议论文 检索式 “桥梁工程”或“桥梁结构”和“碳排放”或“绿色低碳”或“生命周期评价” 去重标准 通过 EndNote 与人工校核去重 纳入标准 与桥梁工程低碳技术、生命周期碳排放、绿色材料或低碳施工相关的研究
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表 3 CiteSpace分析参数
Table 3. CiteSpace analysis parameters
参数 设置 时间切片 1 年 节点类型 关键词 阈值 Top 50/片 剪枝策略 Pathfinder 聚类算法 Log-Likelihood Ratio
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表 4 英文文献关键词突现词谱
Table 4. Keyword burst spectrum of English literature
关键词 年份 强度 起止年 2000—2025 年 carbon nanotubes 2003 年 2.89 2003—2014 年 
climate change 2005 年 3.05 2011—2019 年 
emissions 2012 年 4.40 2016—2019 年 
china 2019 年 4.17 2019—2023 年 
energy consumption 2019 年 3.48 2019—2023 年 
model 2017 年 2.83 2020—2021 年 
GHG emissions 2008 年 3.68 2021—2025 年 
design 2022 年 2.83 2022—2023 年 
performance 2022 年 2.76 2022—2025 年 
carbon dioxide 2004 年 2.74 2022—2025 年 
carbon emission 2014 年 4.77 2023—2025 年 
efficiency 2008 年 4.16 2023—2025 年 
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表 5 中文文献关键词突现词谱
Table 5. Keyword burst spectrum of Chinese literature
关键词 年份 强度 起止年 2000—2025 年 建筑设计 2011 年 1.15 2011—2013 年 
景观设计 2011 年 1.15 2011—2013 年 
高性能 2016 年 1.20 2016—2017 年 
低碳环保 2015 年 1.40 2017—2018 年 
绿色施工 2017 年 1.21 2017—2018 年 
节能减排 2014 年 1.40 2018—2020 年 
高速公路 2019 年 1.21 2019—2020 年 
桥梁钢 2008 年 1.11 2020—2021 年 
绿色低碳 2014 年 0.51 2020—2021 年 
桥梁工程 2015 年 1.78 2023—2025 年 
斜拉桥 2023 年 0.99 2023—2025 年 
技术创新 2023 年 0.99 2023—2025 年 
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