Analysis of Influence of Urban Rail Transit Metro Lines on Direct Current at Neutral Point of Transformers
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摘要:
为探究城市轨道交通杂散电流对电网变压器的影响，本文基于湖北大地杂散电流与能源装备安全野外科学观测研究站的长期监测数据，分析了地铁沿线变压器中性点电流的特征与成因. 首先，统计同一网架内变压器中性点电流的均衡性与差异性；其次，基于小波变换比较不同网架内电流特征量；最后，分析地铁线路投运前后及不同运行时段的电流波形特征差异. 结果表明：城市轨道交通产生的杂散电流会导致同一网架内不同变压器中性点电流幅值不均衡，差异最高可达10倍以上；变电站周边地铁线路越密集，其变压器中性点电流幅值越大. 当地铁线路与电网网架地理位置交联密切时，网架内不同变压器中性点电流波形相似度较高，相关系数超过0.8；部分地铁线路产生的直流电流仅在网架内局部站点间流动，会显著降低网架内电流波形相似度. 同一网架内，变压器中性点电流波形的小波尺度接近时，其波形相似性较高；而不同网架的变压器中性点电流，其小波特征没有可比性. 当地铁线路走向或运营存在较大区别时，可基于小波尺度辨识不同地铁线路对变压器中性点电流的影响.
Abstract:To investigate the influence of stray currents from urban rail transit on power grid transformers, the characteristics and causes of the neutral point current of transformers along metro lines were analyzed based on long-term monitoring data from the Hubei Observation and Research Station of Earth Stray Currents and Energy Equipment Safety. First, the balance and difference in the neutral point current among transformers within the same power grid were statistically analyzed. Second, the current characteristic quantities in different power grids were compared based on the wavelet transform. Finally, the differences in current waveform characteristics before and after metro operations, as well as during different operation periods, were examined. The results indicate that stray currents generated by urban rail transit cause an imbalance in the amplitude of the neutral point current among different transformers in the same grid, with a maximum difference of over 10 times. Denser metro lines around a substation result in a larger amplitude of the neutral point current of its transformer. When metro lines and power grids are geographically closely interconnected, the similarity of neutral point current waveforms among different transformers in the grid is high, with a correlation coefficient of over 0.8. The direct current generated by some metro lines flows only between local stations in the grid, which significantly reduces the similarity of current waveforms within the grid. Within the same grid, the waveform similarity is high when the wavelet scales of the neutral point current waveforms of transformers are close; however, the wavelet characteristics of the neutral point current of transformers from different grids are not comparable. When there are obvious differences in the alignment or operation of metro lines, the influence of different metro lines on the neutral point current of transformers can be identified based on wavelet scales.
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Key words:
- rail transit /
- stray current /
- direct current bias /
- wavelet transform /
- transformer
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图 1 钢光鄂网架与江北网架内变电站与周边地铁分布示意图
Figure 1. Schematic diagram of distribution of substations and surrounding metro lines within Gang-Guang-E and Jiangbei grid structures
图 2 钢光鄂网架中CJZ、TYG、GJW站的电流波形
Figure 2. Current waveforms of CJZ, TYG, and GJW substations within Gang-Guang-E grid structure
图 3 钢光鄂网架中CJZ站、TYG、GJW站电流波形的小波特征
Figure 3. Wavelet characteristics of current waveforms of CJZ, TYG, and GJW substations within Gang-Guang-E grid structure
图 4 江北网架MYH变电站电流波形特征
Figure 4. Characteristics of current waveform of MYH substation within Jiangbei grid structure
图 5 2个网架不同变电站相近小波尺度的波形还原
Figure 5. Waveform restoration diagrams of similar wavelet scales of different substations within two grid structures
图 6 19号线投运前后TYG、GJW站电流波形差异
Figure 6. Current waveform differences of TYG and GJW substations before and after operation of Line 19
图 7 不同运营时段GJW站电流的小波热力图
Figure 7. Wavelet heat maps of current of GJW substation during different operation periods
图 8 不同运营时段GJW站电流的小波尺度分布
Figure 8. Distributions of wavelet scales of current of GJW substation during different operation periods
表 1 钢光鄂网架内各变电站周边地铁信息
Table 1. Metro information around each substation within Gang-Guang-E grid structure
站点 地铁线路 最短距离/m CJZ 4号线 794 8号线 573 GJW 4号线 1040 19号线 2040 TYG 2号线 732 4号线 1260 7号线 1160 HP 4号线 683 5号线 1770 QR 8号线 1970 5号线 870 SMT 5号线 410 7号线 900 
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表 2 钢光鄂网架内各变电站整点的中性点电流幅值
Table 2. Amplitudes of neutral point current of each substation at each hour within Gang-Guang-E grid structure
A 时刻 CJZ GJW TYG HP QR SMT 00：00 −1.08 −1.44 −1.15 1.72 −0.36 2.48 01：00 0.08 −0.05 0.19 0.11 −0.30 0.01 03：00 0.12 −0.08 0.09 0.05 −0.30 0.06 07：00 1.40 −2.62 −3.84 0.86 −0.16 −1.39 09：00 −0.06 1.41 0.48 −12.55 −0.50 −2.11 17：00 −14.38 1.77 −19.68 0.81 −0.06 −3.35 19：00 −12.41 5.90 −10.17 −5.57 0.30 −4.97
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表 3 钢光鄂网架内各变电站电流波形相关系数平均值
Table 3. Average values of current waveform correlation coefficients of each substation within Gang-Guang-E grid structure
站点 CJZ GJW TYG HP QR SMT CJZ 1.000 −0.142 0.862 0.793 −0.759 0.865 GJW −0.142 1.000 −0.348 0.043 0.360 −0.062 TYG 0.862 −0.348 1.000 0.767 −0.761 0.848 HP 0.793 0.043 0.767 1.000 −0.646 0.825 QR −0.759 0.360 −0.761 −0.646 1.000 −0.757 SMT 0.865 −0.062 0.848 0.825 −0.757 1.000
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