大尺度光纤天平温度效应的双参量补偿方法

许彬; 刘龙; 于时恩; 张建中

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0258-2724.20250650

大尺度光纤天平温度效应的双参量补偿方法

doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-2724.20250650

许彬^{1, 2,},
刘龙²,
于时恩^2, ,,
张建中¹

1.
哈尔滨工程大学纤维集成光学教育部重点实验室，黑龙江哈尔滨 150000
2.
中国空气动力研究与发展中心空天技术研究所，四川绵阳 621000

详细信息

作者简介:
许彬（1993—），男，博士研究生，研究方向为光纤天平风洞测力技术，E-mail：xubin1231@hrbeu.edu.cn

通讯作者:
于时恩（1974—），男，正高级工程师，研究方向为风洞试验技术，E-mail： yse1779@163.com

中图分类号: 中图分类号: 文献标识码:A
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-12-22
- 修回日期: 2026-04-26
- 网络出版日期: 2026-10-26

Dual-Parameter Compensation Method for Temperature Effects in Large-Scale Fiber Optic Balances

XU Bin^{1, 2
,},
LIU Long²,
YU Shien^{2
, ,},
ZHANG Jianzhong¹

1.
Key Laboratory of In-Fiber Integrated Optics, Ministry of Education, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150000, China
2.
Aerospace Technology Institute, China Aerodynamics Research and Development Center, Mianyang 621000, China

摘要

摘要:
为抑制大尺度光纤天平在长时间风洞试验中因非均匀温度场导致的热致漂移，提高气动力的测量精度，本研究提出了一种基于热-力耦合机理的双参量补偿方法. 通过理论建模揭示了非均匀温度场中热膨胀与结构约束耦合作用下，弹性元件与浮动框的协同变形机理，明确了传统模型所忽略的约束力是制约补偿精度的关键因素；采用有限元仿真分析了不同测量通道在均匀温升与温差工况下的差异化热响应规律；在此基础上，构建了基于对称位置弹性元件温度及其温差的补偿模型，利用可直接测量的双参量间接表征内部约束力效应；通过光纤天平静态与动态温度标定，获取天平各分量的温度灵敏度系数，拟合弹性元件温度历程修正公式，以消除热惯性带来的响应延迟；在某暂冲式风洞开展了30 s长时间测力试验，对补偿方法进行验证. 试验结果表明：经补偿后，3个测量分量（轴向力、法向力、俯仰力矩）因热漂移引起的气动力测量误差分别从补偿前的18. 87%、85. 37%和11. 67%，缩减至3. 19%、5. 63%和1. 86%，验证了该方法在非均匀温度场下的高精度补偿能力，可为长时间风洞测力试验提供工程实用的温度补偿方案.
- 风洞 /
- 试验装置 /
- 光纤天平 /
- 温度补偿 /
- 热-力耦合
Abstract:
A dual-parameter compensation method based on thermo-mechanical coupling mechanisms was proposed to suppress the thermally induced drift of large-scale fiber optic balances caused by non-uniform temperature fields in long-duration wind tunnel tests and improve aerodynamic force measurement accuracy. Theoretical modeling was performed to reveal the synergistic deformation mechanism of elastic elements and floating frames under the coupling action of thermal expansion and structural constraints in non-uniform temperature fields. Constraint forces neglected by traditional models were identified as the key factor limiting compensation accuracy. Finite element simulation was adopted to analyze the differential thermal response laws of different measurement channels in uniform temperature rise and temperature difference conditions. A compensation model based on the temperature and temperature difference of symmetrically arranged elastic elements was further built, and the directly measurable dual parameters were employed to indirectly characterize internal constraint force effects. Static and dynamic temperature calibrations of fiber optic balances were conducted to obtain temperature sensitivity coefficients of each balance component, and a temperature history correction formula for elastic elements was fitted to eliminate response delay induced by thermal inertia. Thirty-second long-duration force measurement tests were conducted in a blowdown wind tunnel to validate the compensation method. Test results show that the aerodynamic force measurement errors of three measured components (axial force, normal force, and pitching moment) caused by thermal drift decrease from 18.87%, 85.37%, and 11.67% before compensation to 3.19%, 5.63%, and 1.86%, respectively. The results verify the high-accuracy compensation capability of this method under non-uniform temperature fields, providing a practically applicable temperature compensation scheme for long-duration wind tunnel force measurement tests.
- wind tunnel /
- test device /
- fiber optic balance /
- temperature compensation /
- thermo-mechanical coupling

HTML全文

图 1 光纤天平结构示意

Figure 1. Fiber optic balance structure

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图 2 光纤天平三分量载荷测量原理

Figure 2. Principle of three-component load measurement using fiber optic balance

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图 3 光纤天平温度测量试验

Figure 3. Fiber optic balance temperature measurement test

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图 4 Y向弹性元件受力模型

Figure 4. Load transmission model of Y-direction elastic elements

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图 5 X向弹性元件受力模型

Figure 5. Load transmission model of X-direction elastic elements

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图 6 稳态热力学仿真工况

Figure 6. Steady-state thermodynamic simulation conditions

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图 7 浮动框X向位移分布

Figure 7. X-direction displacement distribution of the floating frame

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图 8 轴向力通道热输出特性

Figure 8. Thermal output characteristics of the axial force channel

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图 9 浮动框Y向位移分布

Figure 9. Y-direction displacement distribution of the floating frame

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图 10 法向力通道热输出特性

Figure 10. Thermal output characteristics of the normal force channel

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图 11 俯仰力矩通道热输出特性

Figure 11. Thermal output characteristics of the pitching moment channel

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图 12 温度系数标定装置

Figure 12. Temperature coefficient calibration setup

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图 13 光纤天平温度加载实验结果

Figure 13. Results of the temperature loading experiment on the fiber optic balance

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图 14 升温历程拟合结果

Figure 14. Fitting results of the temperature rise process

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图 15 光纤天平测力结果

Figure 15. Force measurement results of the fiber optic balance

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图 16 温度补偿前后结果对比

Figure 16. Comparison of results before and after temperature compensation

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表 1 各影响因素热输出对比

Table 1. Thermal output comparison for various influencing factors

影响因素	腔长变化量/μm	等效气动力/N
弹性元件热膨胀	1.305	338.26
光纤探头热膨胀	0.055	14.26
材料杨氏模量	0.013	3.37

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表 2 光纤天平各测量通道温度灵敏度系数

Table 2. Temperature sensitivity coefficients of each measurement channel of the fiber optic balance

天平分量	均匀温升		存在温差
天平分量	灵敏度/ （μm•℃⁻¹）	线性度	灵敏度/ （μm•℃⁻¹）	线性度
轴向力	0.043	0.959	1.427	0.965
法向力	1.232	0.969	0.594	0.951
俯仰力矩	0.021	0.970	0.342	0.949

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