MW级电磁轴承高速永磁电机空气摩擦损耗特性研究

李伟; 祝长生

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0258-2724.20250544

MW级电磁轴承高速永磁电机空气摩擦损耗特性研究

doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-2724.20250544

李伟,
祝长生^,

浙江大学电气工程学院，浙江杭州 310027

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目（12402060）；基础加强计划重点基础研究项目（2020-JCJQ-ZD-232-00）

详细信息

作者简介:
李伟（2000—），男，博士研究生，研究方向为电机损耗与热分析，E-mail：liwei0201@zju.edu.cn

通讯作者:
祝长生（1963—），男，教授，博士，研究方向为磁悬浮轴承、高速电机、电机振动分析与控制、转子系统动力学与控制以及磁悬浮飞轮储能系统等，E-mail： zhu_zhang@zju.edu.cn

中图分类号: TM351
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-10-24
- 录用日期: 2026-03-11
- 修回日期: 2026-02-27
- 网络出版日期: 2026-03-17

Study on Air Friction Loss Characteristics of MW-Class High-Speed Permanent Magnet Motor with Magnetic Bearings

LI Wei,
ZHU Changsheng^,

College of Electrical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China

摘要

摘要:
电机转子的空气摩擦损耗随转速的增大而迅速增大，特别是支撑在电磁轴承上的高速电机，由于气隙结构复杂，掌握其空气摩擦损耗特性尤为重要. 本文以2 MW、15000 r/min电磁轴承高速永磁电机为研究对象，以电机内的空气全域构建模型，首先，基于计算流体力学（CFD）精细模拟技术，获取转子表面空气摩擦损耗的分布特性；然后，详细分析转速、通风风速、表面粗糙高度、气隙结构及转子偏心等因素对转子空气摩擦损耗特性的影响；最后，进行电机对拖实验，并用损耗分离方法得到转子的空气摩擦损耗. 研究结果表明：转子的空气摩擦损耗主要集中在电机的气隙内；转速15000 r/min，通风风速2.5 m/s下，约占总空气摩擦损耗的70.1%；同时，推力盘处的空气摩擦损耗不可忽略，无通风工况中约占总空气摩擦损耗的23.9%；需要综合考虑通风所引起的冷却提升和损耗增加的协同热效应；通风风速由2.5 m/s增长到5.0 m/s时，转子表面冷却散热系数从315.7 W/(m²•℃)增长到469.1 W/(m²•℃)，空气摩擦损耗也增加了3.13 kW；实验测量值与仿真计算结果的最大误差为8.60%.
- 高速永磁电机 /
- 空气摩擦损耗 /
- 计算流体力学 /
- 主动磁轴承
Abstract:
The air friction loss of a motor rotor increases rapidly with the increase in rotational speed. Especially for a high-speed motor supported by magnetic bearings, since the air-gap structure is complex, mastering its air friction loss characteristics is particularly important. A 2 MW、15 000 r/min high-speed permanent magnet motor with magnetic bearings was taken as the research object, and the entire air domain inside the motor was modeled. Firstly, based on the fine simulation technology of computational fluid dynamics (CFD), the distribution characteristics of air friction loss on the rotor surface were obtained. Then, the effects of rotational speed, ventilation wind speed, surface roughness height, air gap structure, and rotor eccentricity on the air friction loss characteristics of the rotor were analyzed in detail. Finally, a dual-motor drag test was conducted, and the air friction loss of the rotor was obtained by the loss separation method. The research results indicate that the air friction loss of the rotor is mainly concentrated in the air gap of the motor. At a rotational speed of 15 000 r/min and a ventilation wind speed of 2.5 m/s, it accounts for approximately 70.1% of the total air friction loss. Meanwhile, the air friction loss at the thrust collar cannot be ignored, accounting for about 23.9% of the total air friction loss under the non-ventilation condition. The synergistic thermal effect of cooling enhancement and loss increase caused by ventilation needs to be comprehensively considered. When the ventilation wind speed increases from 2.5 m/s to 5.0 m/s, the cooling heat transfer coefficient on the rotor surface increases from 315.7 W/(m²•℃) to 469.1 W/(m²•℃), and the air friction loss also increases by 3.13 kW. The maximum error between the experimentally measured values and the simulation calculation results is 8.60%.
- high-speed permanent magnet motor /
- air friction loss /
- computational fluid dynamics /
- active magnetic bearing (AMB)

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图 1 AMB高速永磁电机的结构

Figure 1. Structure of AMB high-speed permanent magnet motor

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图 2 AMB高速永磁电机的内部空气域

Figure 2. Internal air domain of AMB high-speed permanent magnet motor

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图 3 本研究所用的计算几何域

Figure 3. Computational geometry domain used in study

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图 4 网格划分方案

Figure 4. Meshing scheme

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图 5 网格独立性检验

Figure 5. Mesh independence test

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图 6 电机对拖实验台

Figure 6. Dual-motor drag test bench

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图 7 不同通风风速下转子表面空气摩擦损耗的分布

Figure 7. Distribution of air friction loss on rotor surface under different ventilation wind speeds

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图 8 通风风速和电机转速对空气摩擦损耗的影响

Figure 8. Influence of ventilation wind speed and motor’s rotational speed on air friction loss

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图 9 不同通风风速下的α及β值

Figure 9. Values of α and β under different ventilation wind speeds

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图 10 壁面粗糙高度对空气摩擦损耗的影响

Figure 10. Influence of wall roughness height on air friction loss

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图 11 不同气隙结构下空气摩擦损耗分布特性

Figure 11. Distribution characteristics of air friction loss under different air-gap structures

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图 12 转子偏心度对空气摩擦损耗的影响

Figure 12. Influence of rotor eccentricity on air friction loss

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图 13 定转子间气隙传热模型

Figure 13. Air-gap heat transfer model between stator and rotor

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图 14 通风风速和电机转速对散热系数的影响

Figure 14. Influence of ventilation wind speed and motor rotational speed on heat transfer coefficient

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表 1 本文中CFD仿真计算方法准确性验证

Table 1. Verification of accuracy of CFD simulation calculation method in paper

转速/ （r·min⁻¹）	实验值/ kW	经验式/ kW	本文计算/ kW	相对误差/ %
9000	2.27	2.42	2.37	4.2/2.1
10000	3.01	3.21	3.04	0.9/5.5
12000	4.90	4.52	4.71	4.0/4.0
15000	8.89	8.66	8.13	8.6/6.5

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表 2 不同气隙结构下的空气摩擦损耗

Table 2. Air friction loss under different air-gap structures

工况	是否考虑齿槽气隙	气隙厚度/mm	空气摩擦损耗/kW
1	是	3	2.67
2	否	3	7.88
3	是	5	2.70
4	否	5	5.06
5	是	7	2.74
6	否	7	4.12

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