Characterization of Dynamic Heat Transfer Characteristics of Building Envelopes Based on Energy Attenuation Coefficient
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摘要:
为量化建筑围护结构对室外热扰的动态响应特性，提出能量衰减系数，定义为围护结构在某时段内内表面热流绝对值积分与外表面热流绝对值积分的比值. 较高的能量衰减系数表示围护结构对室外热扰的衰减作用较弱，反之表示围护结构能有效降低室外热扰的影响. 以具有大气温波动、强太阳辐射气候的新疆焉耆为例，采用频域-时域联合方法模拟25种典型围护结构构造的传热过程，并计算日、月、季、年多时间尺度下各构造层对室外热扰的能量衰减系数. 研究结果表明：围护结构外保温层、混凝土层和内保温层的年均能量衰减系数分别为0.85、0.40和0.99，混凝土层是能量衰减的核心层；供暖期相对于其他典型时段，混凝土层的能量衰减系数显著增大至0.78，围护结构对室外热扰衰减下降；外保温层的作用偏向于稳态隔热，在全年角度下，适当提高保温层导热系数和热容的设计策略能够有效提升围护结构对全年室外热扰的综合衰减效果.
Abstract:An energy attenuation coefficient (EAC) is introduced to quantify the dynamic response of building envelopes to outdoor thermal disturbances. It is defined as the ratio of the time integral of the absolute heat flux at the internal surface to that at the external surface over a given period. A higher value indicates weaker attenuation, whereas a lower value indicates stronger mitigation of outdoor thermal disturbances. Yanqi, Xinjiang, characterised by large air-temperature fluctuations and strong solar radiation, is used as a case study. Heat transfer in 25 typical envelope assemblies was simulated using a combined frequency- and time-domain method, and layer-specific EAC values were evaluated at daily, monthly, seasonal, and annual scales. The results show that the annual mean EAC values for the external insulation layer, concrete layer, and internal insulation layer are 0.85, 0.40, and 0.99, respectively, indicating that the concrete layer is the primary contributor to energy attenuation. During the heating season, the EAC of the concrete layer increases significantly to 0.78 compared with other typical periods, indicating that the building envelope is less effective at attenuating outdoor thermal disturbances. The external insulation layer mainly provides steady-state thermal resistance. At the annual scale, moderately increasing the thermal conductivity and heat capacity of the insulation layer improves the overall attenuation of outdoor thermal disturbances throughout the year.
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图 2 $ T_{{\mathrm{comp}}}^{(n)} $各频域分量振幅
Figure 2. Amplitude of each frequency-domain component of $ T_{{\mathrm{comp}}}^{(n)} $
图 4 典型时段围护结构各构造层CEAC
Figure 4. CEAC of each building envelope layer during typical periods
图 5 Eb构型的全年日CEAC变化
Figure 5. Daily CEAC variations throughout year for Eb envelope assembly
图 6 Eb构造的围护结构层间热流差值
Figure 6. Interlayer heat flow differences in Eb envelope assembly
图 7 典型时段下稳态热流和平均非稳态热流波动对比
Figure 7. Comparison of steady-state heat flow and average unsteady heat flow fluctuations during typical periods
表 1 保温砂浆材料及其物性参数
Table 1. Thermal insulation mortar materials and their physical properties
材料 ρ/
（kg•m−3）λ/
（W•m−1•K−1）cp/
（J•kg−1•K−1）编号（外保温/内保温） 无机保温砂浆 400 0.14 1.05 A/a 600 0.18 1.05 B/b 玻化微珠保温砂浆 350 0.08 1.05 C/c 玻化微珠保温砂浆 400 0.09 1.05 D/d 300 0.07 1.05 E/e 
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表 2 Eb构型的全年日CEAC统计
Table 2. Daily CEAC statistics throughout year for Eb envelope assembly
时段 中位数 10%～90% 分位范围 CEAC＞0.70天数占比/（%） 最长连续CEAC＞0.70天数/d 全年 0.34 0.07～0.88 20.80 21 供暖期 0.70 0.19～0.98 50.30 21 过渡期1 0.15 0.04～0.41 0 0 制冷期 0.28 0.10～0.40 0 0 过渡期2 0.17 0.04～0.51 0 0
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