Performance Study of Novel PV/T System Integrated with Micro-Channel Heat Pipe Module
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摘要:
针对光伏/光热（PV/T）系统光电光热的转换性能在我国北方寒冷地区仍受冬季低温条件制约，本文提出一种集成微通道热管阵列式的新型太阳能光伏/光热一体化系统，评估其在实际工况下的能量转换性能. 该系统由光伏组件、工质为R141b的铝制微通道热管阵列及U形集热换热组件组成；通过室内实验测试确定U形集热换热组件中冷却水的最优质量流量为0.025 kg/s，使能量转换效率与循环泵能耗取得平衡；基于室外多日实验分别考察该系统在冬季与夏季的温度分布和能量转换性能，以及在考虑循环泵能耗时的净能量转换性能. 具有气候代表性的2d实验结果表明：在冬季室外条件下，系统的热效率、净电效率和净总效率分别为27.21%、10.41% 和37.62%，日均净总能量输出为376.53 W，其中净电能输出为127.54 W，热能输出为248.98 W；在夏季运行条件下，相应的热效率、净电效率和净总效率分别能够达到47.42%、8.55% 和55.97%，日均净总能量输出为643.71 W，其中净电能输出为110.49 W，热能输出为533.22 W，实验结果显示出明显的季节性性能差异.
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关键词:
- 太阳能光伏/光热组件 /
- 微通道热管组件 /
- U形集热换热组件 /
- 质量流量 /
- 净能量输出和净效率
Abstract:Aiming at the problem that the photoelectric and photothermal conversion performance of photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) systems is still constrained by low winter temperatures in cold regions of northern China, this paper proposes a novel solar photovoltaic/thermal integrated system integrated with a micro-channel heat pipe array and evaluates its energy conversion performance under actual operating conditions. The system consists of a PV module, an aluminum micro-channel heat pipe array using R141b as the working fluid, and a U-shaped manifold heat exchanger. Indoor experiments determine that the optimal mass flow rate of cooling water in the U-shaped manifold heat exchanger is 0.025 kg/s, achieving a balance between energy conversion efficiency and circulating pump energy consumption. Based on multi-day outdoor experiments, the temperature distribution and energy conversion performance of the system in winter and summer are investigated, as well as its net energy conversion performance when circulating pump energy consumption is considered. The experimental results of two days with representative weather conditions show that under winter outdoor conditions, the thermal efficiency, net electrical efficiency, and net overall efficiency of the system are 27.21%, 10.41%, and 37.62%, respectively; the average daily net overall energy output is 376.53 W, including a net electrical output of 127.54 W and a thermal output of 248.98 W. Under summer operating conditions, the corresponding thermal efficiency, net electrical efficiency, and net overall efficiency can reach 47.42%, 8.55%, and 55.97%, respectively; the average daily net overall energy output is 643.71 W, including a net electrical output of 110.49 W and a thermal output of 533.22 W. The experimental results show obvious seasonal performance differences.
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图 6 总能量效率随质量流量与太阳辐射度的变化
Figure 6. Variation in overall energy efficiency with mass flow rate and solar irradiance
图 9 U形集热换热组件和进出口温差变化
Figure 9. Temperature variations of U-shaped manifold heat exchanger and inlet-outlet temperature difference
图 10 PV和PV/T-MCHP组件的电能性能
Figure 10. Electrical energy performance of PV and PV/T-MCHP modules
图 12 PV/T-MCHP组件热能输出和热效率
Figure 12. Variations in thermal energy output and thermal efficiency of PV/T-MCHP module
图 13 PV/T-MCHP组件总能量与总净能量转化性能
Figure 13. Overall and net overall energy conversion performance of PV/T-MCHP module
表 1 光伏组件参数
Table 1. Specifications of PV module
名称 尺寸和参数 光伏电池类型 多晶硅 光伏组件长度 1650 光伏组件宽度/mm 991 光伏组件厚度/mm 35 光伏组件有效长度/mm 1594 光伏组件有效宽度/mm 972 有效面积/m2 1.55 光伏组件重量/kg 18±0.9 （是该数值的5%，
18 × 0.05=0.9）额定功率/W 270±3% 
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表 2 PV/T-MCHP组件参数
Table 2. Specifications of PV/T-MCHP module
名称 尺寸和参数 MCHP 材料 铝合金 微通道数量 16 MCHP 阵列尺寸/mm3 1200 × 200 × 200蒸发端长度/mm 972 冷凝端长度/mm 200 单个微通道截面尺寸/mm2 9 × 9 微翅片高度/mm 0.75 U形集热换热组件尺寸/mm3 1725 × 200 × 85微通道热管工质 R141b （HCFC-141b） 充液压力（真空）/Pa 10−4 制冷剂充液比例 MCHP蒸发端体积30%（就是把制冷剂R141B充液进热管，体积为热管蒸发端体积的30%）
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表 3 实验设备详细参数
Table 3. Detailed specifications of experimental instruments
名称 测量对象 测量范围 不确定度/% 数据采集仪 温度/℃ 0～70 ±0.500 K型热电偶 温度/℃ −70～200 ±0.300 涡轮流量计 质量流量/（kg•s−1） 0.011～0.070 ±1.000 光伏测试仪 电压/V 15～ 1500 ±0.001 电流/A 0.1～20.0 ±0.001 功率/kW 0～30 ±0.001 循环水泵 功率/W 50, 115 ±1.000
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表 4 气象站参数
Table 4. Specifications of weather station
侧量对象 测量范围 精度 环境温度/℃ −40～80 ±0.1 ℃ 太阳辐照度/W/m2 0～ 2000 ±1.1% 风速/（m•s−1） 0～70 ±0.3%
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表 5 PV/T-MCHP系统日均性能结果
Table 5. Daily average performance results of PV/T-MCHP system
日期 太阳
辐射
/（W•m−2）环境
温度
/℃电能
输出
/W电效率
/%热能
输出
/W热效率
/%总能量输出
/W总能量
效率
/%总净能量
输出
/W总净电
效率
/%2024-12-15 751.88 9.76 153.83 13.11 280.95 25.38 434.77 38.49 382.44 34.02 2024-12-16 666.02 8.45 171.73 14.35 248.98 27.21 420.71 41.56 376.53 37.62 2024-12-21 698.9 7.72 160.32 14.03 279.38 24.63 439.70 38.66 389.47 34.18 2025-07-04 765.53 41.80 158.86 13.57 532.69 48.07 691.55 61.64 643.19 57.01 2025-07-05 761.03 42.38 149.74 12.94 536.43 48.87 686.77 61.81 632.97 57.53 2025-07-06 780.05 43.03 154.68 12.02 533.22 47.42 687.90 59.44 643.71 55.97
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