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面向小型无人运载工具的分布式能量采集技术综述

王浩,  张祖涛,  崔叔岩,  杨林,  邹瑞,  孔苓吉

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王浩, 张祖涛, 崔叔岩, 杨林, 邹瑞, 孔苓吉. 面向小型无人运载工具的分布式能量采集技术综述[J]. 西南交通大学学报. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-2724.20250475
引用本文: 王浩, 张祖涛, 崔叔岩, 杨林, 邹瑞, 孔苓吉. 面向小型无人运载工具的分布式能量采集技术综述[J]. 西南交通大学学报. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-2724.20250475
shu
WANG Hao, ZHANG Zutao, CUI Shuyan, YANG Lin, ZOU Rui, KONG Lingji. Review on Distributed Energy Harvesting Technology for Small Unmanned Carrier Vehicles[J]. Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-2724.20250475
Citation: WANG Hao, ZHANG Zutao, CUI Shuyan, YANG Lin, ZOU Rui, KONG Lingji. Review on Distributed Energy Harvesting Technology for Small Unmanned Carrier Vehicles[J]. Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-2724.20250475
shu

面向小型无人运载工具的分布式能量采集技术综述

doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-2724.20250475
  • 1.

    西南交通大学机械工程学院，四川 成都，611756

  • 2.

    西南交通大学设计艺术学院，四川 成都，611756

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金面上项目（52575313）；四川省科技厅项目苗子工程重点项目（2024JDRC0094）
详细信息
    作者简介:

    王浩（1995—），男，博士研究生，研究方向为机械设计及理论，E-mail：wh95@my.swjtu.edu.cn

    通讯作者:

    张祖涛（1974—），男，教授，研究方向为机械设计及理论，E-mail：zzt@swjtu.edu.cn

  • 中图分类号: TK019

Review on Distributed Energy Harvesting Technology for Small Unmanned Carrier Vehicles

  • 1.

    School of Mechanical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China

  • 2.

    School of Design, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China

    摘要
  • 摘要:

    面向小型无人运载工具（无人机、无人车、无人船）的长航时与高自主性需求，分布式能量采集技术已成为突破能源供给瓶颈的重要手段. 本文首先对分布式能量采集技术的基本原理进行梳理，重点涵盖了太阳能、风能、振动能及波浪能等环境能源的转换机制与关键材料进展；然后，深入分析光伏、电磁、压电及摩擦电等采集技术在无人机、无人车与无人船等典型场景中的结构集成与应用特点，总结多源混合采集与自供电系统的研究现状，并指出当前技术面临的转换效率受环境波动影响较大、系统集成度低及缺乏统一评价标准等关键挑战；最后，探讨以多源融合、智能调度为核心的技术演进趋势，提出能源智联网的设计范式，展望了通过跨平台协同与数据驱动优化，将离散环境能量转化为稳定供给的未来发展方向.

     

    Abstract:

    To meet the requirements for long endurance and high autonomy of small unmanned carrier vehicles (unmanned aerial vehicles, unmanned ground vehicles, and unmanned surface vehicles), distributed energy harvesting technology has become a crucial approach to overcoming energy supply bottlenecks. First, the basic principles of distributed energy harvesting technologies were reviewed, mainly covering the conversion mechanisms and key material advances of ambient energy sources such as solar, wind, vibration, and wave energy. Then, the structural integration and application characteristics of photovoltaic, electromagnetic, piezoelectric, and triboelectric harvesting technologies in typical scenarios involving unmanned aerial vehicles, unmanned ground vehicles, and unmanned surface vehicles were deeply analyzed. The research status of multi-source hybrid harvesting and self-powered systems was summarized, and key challenges, such as great conversion efficiency fluctuations due to environmental conditions, low system integration, and the lack of unified evaluation standards, were highlighted. Finally, the technological evolution trends centering on multi-source fusion and intelligent scheduling were discussed, and a design paradigm based on the “intelligent energy internet” was proposed, outlining the future development direction of converting discrete ambient energy into a stable supply through cross-platform collaboration and data-driven optimization.

     

    • HTML全文

  • 图 1  面向无人运载工具的分布式环境能量采集技术

    Figure 1.  Distributed ambient energy harvesting technology for unmanned carrier vehicles

    下载: 全尺寸图片 幻灯片

    图 2  太阳能采集发电原理及研究现状[13,23,25,29,31-32]

    Figure 2.  Solar energy harvesting power generation principle and research status

    下载: 全尺寸图片 幻灯片

    图 3  振动能采集发电原理及研究[39-40,42-43,45,47]

    Figure 3.  Vibration energy harvesting power generation principle and research[39-40,42-43,45,47]

    下载: 全尺寸图片 幻灯片

    图 4  风能采集原理及研究[49,52,54-57,59,62]

    Figure 4.  Wind energy harvesting principle and research[49,52,54-57,59,62]

    下载: 全尺寸图片 幻灯片

    图 5  波浪能采集原理及研究[66-67,70,71,73,75,78]

    Figure 5.  Wave energy harvesting principle and research[66-67,70,71,73,75,78]

    下载: 全尺寸图片 幻灯片

    图 6  混合能量采集装置[87-94]

    Figure 6.  Hybrid energy harvesting devices[87-94]

    下载: 全尺寸图片 幻灯片

    图 7  分布式能量采集在无人船领域的应用[90,99-100,102]

    Figure 7.  Application of distributed energy harvesting in field of unmanned surface vehicles[90,99-100,102]

    下载: 全尺寸图片 幻灯片

    图 8  分布式能量采集在无人车领域的应用[113,116,119,121-122,126]

    Figure 8.  Application of distributed energy harvesting in field of unmanned ground vehicles[113,116,119,121-122,126]

    下载: 全尺寸图片 幻灯片

    图 9  分布式能量采集在无人机领域的应用[132-133,137,142]

    Figure 9.  Application of distributed energy harvesting in field of unmanned aerial vehicles[132-133,137,142]

    下载: 全尺寸图片 幻灯片

    图 10  基于分布式能源收集技术构建的“能源智联网”设计范式

    Figure 10.  Design paradigm for “intelligent energy internet” constructed based on distributed energy harvesting technology

    下载: 全尺寸图片 幻灯片
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  • 收稿日期:  2025-09-22
  • 修回日期:  2025-12-26
  • 网络出版日期:  2026-11-02

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