Influence of Motor Arrangement Modes on Response of Maglev Vehicle-Bridge System
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摘要:
直线电机的法向力具有时变性和可控性，对磁浮列车的稳定运行至关重要. 为研究电机不同布置方式所导致法向力方向变化对悬浮系统动态响应及车辆运行行为的影响，本文建立悬浮模块运动方程，分析法向力对悬浮系统传递函数和额定工作点的影响；在此基础上，通过构建包含悬浮控制、磁饱和效应、电机电磁力、桥梁柔性及轨道不平顺等因素的磁浮车-桥耦合系统动力学模型，探究电机布置方式、滑差频率以及运行速度对系统响应的影响. 研究结果表明：当采用电机轨下布置（轨下）方案时，电机法向力越大，悬浮额定电流越小，电磁铁铁芯相对磁导率越高，磁感应强度对线圈电流变化的敏感度越高，悬浮系统可控性越好. 同时，悬浮气隙波动和悬浮模块振动加速度可显著降低；且滑差频率越小、速度越高，效果越显著：在8 Hz滑差频率、140 km/h速度工况下，轨下方案的悬浮气隙波动和悬浮模块振动加速度幅值较电机轨上布置（轨上）方案分别降低59%和49%. 此外，轨下方案使电磁铁额定电流和悬浮力显著降低，且滑差频率越小、速度越低，差异越大——8 Hz 滑差频率、40 km/h速度下，额定电流和悬浮力分别减小43%和67%. 研究成果可为中低速磁浮走行机构优化和电机滑差频率选择提供理论依据和技术指导.
Abstract:The normal force of linear motors possesses time-varying characteristics and controllability, which are critical to the stable operation of maglev trains. To investigate the influence of normal force direction variations caused by different motor arrangement modes on the dynamic response of the levitation system and vehicle operating behavior, the motion equation of the levitation module was established, and the influence of normal force on the transfer function and rated operating point of the levitation system was analyzed. Furthermore, a dynamic model of the maglev vehicle-bridge coupled system was constructed, which incorporated levitation control, magnetic saturation effect, electromagnetic force of motor, bridge flexibility, rail irregularity, and other factors. The influences of motor arrangement mode, slip frequency, and operating speed on the system response were studied. The results show that with the under-rail motor arrangement (abbreviated as under-rail mode) scheme, a larger normal force of the motor leads to a smaller rated levitation current, a higher relative permeability of the electromagnet core, higher sensitivity of magnetic induction intensity to coil current variation, and better controllability of the levitation system. Meanwhile, the levitation air gap fluctuation and vibration acceleration of the levitation module are significantly reduced. The effect becomes more prominent with a smaller slip frequency and a higher speed. Under the conditions of 8-Hz slip frequency and 140 km/h operating speed, the levitation air gap fluctuation and the vibration acceleration amplitude of the levitation module under the under-rail scheme are reduced by 59% and 49%, respectively, compared with those under the on-rail motor arrangement (abbreviated as on-rail mode) scheme. In addition, the under-rail scheme significantly reduces the rated current and levitation force of the electromagnet, and the difference is more significant with a smaller slip frequency and a lower speed. Under the conditions of 8-Hz slip frequency and 40 km/h speed, the rated current and levitation force are reduced by 43% and 67%, respectively. The results can provide a theoretical basis and technical guidance for the optimization of the running gear of medium-low-speed maglev and the selection of motor slip frequency.
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表 1 动力学模型主要参数
Table 1. Key parameters of dynamic model
参数 数值 参数 数值 车体长度/m 15 桥梁跨长/m 25 车体重量/t 24 空簧刚度/（N•m−1） 1.25 × 105 悬浮模块长度/m 2.8 二系悬挂阻尼/
（N•s•m−1）5 × 103 悬浮模块重量/t 1.2 额定悬浮气隙/mm 8 
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