Analysis of Influence of Boundary Conditions on Ultra-High-Speed Maglev Model Vehicle System in Low-Vacuum Pipeline
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摘要:
当磁浮车辆超高速运行时，轨道不平顺、空气阻力等边界条件将会显著影响车辆运行安全性与稳定性. 本文基于多态耦合轨道交通动模试验平台，建立考虑超导钉扎悬浮与导向力特性、空气阻力及轨道不平顺等条件的超高速磁浮模型车系统动力学模型，模拟在1.6 km试验线上实现最高速度（1 500 km/h）的牵引-惰行-制动工况；基于该动力学模型，仿真分析模型车系统在不同轨道不平顺幅值倍数、不同速度、不同限位间隙下运行的振动响应情况. 研究结果表明：低真空环境下，轨道不平顺幅值为0.15 mm时，最高速度工况下，动子在运行过程中呈左右摆动的振动形式，杜瓦垂向位移最大值达4.88 mm；随着模型车系统运行速度增大，系统振动增强，各动力学指标幅值呈上升趋势；横向限位间隙增大有利于减弱模型车系统横向振动，垂向限位间隙增大会加剧模型车系统垂向振动.
Abstract:When maglev vehicles operate at an ultra-high speed, boundary conditions such as track irregularity and air resistance significantly affect the operational safety and stability of the vehicles. Based on the polymorphic coupled dynamic simulation test platform for rail transit, a dynamic model of an ultra-high-speed maglev model vehicle system was established, which considered conditions including superconducting pinning suspension and guiding force characteristics, air resistance, and track irregularity. The traction, coasting, and braking conditions achieving a maximum speed of 1,500 km/h on a 1.6 km test line were simulated. Based on the dynamic model, the vibration responses of the model vehicle system operating under different multiples of track irregularity amplitude, speeds, and limit clearances were simulated and analyzed. The results indicate that under a low-vacuum environment, when the track irregularity amplitude is 0.15 mm, and the maximum speed is 1,500 km/h, the mover exhibits a left-and-right swing vibration form during operation, and the maximum vertical displacement of the Dewar reaches 4.88 mm. As the operating speed of the model vehicle system increases, the system vibration strengthens, and the amplitudes of various dynamic indicators show an upward trend; an increase in the lateral limit clearance is beneficial to weaken the lateral vibration of the model vehicle system, while an increase in the vertical limit clearance intensifies the vertical vibration of the model vehicle system. The research results can provide a theoretical reference for the design of the ultra-high-speed maglev dynamic simulation test platform.
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图 2 动子运行里程、速度和加速度随运行时间变化示意
Figure 2. Schematic diagram of variation of operating mileage, speed, and acceleration of mover with running time
图 15 不同横向间隙下杜瓦动力学响应
Figure 15. Dynamic response of Dewar under different lateral clearances
图 16 不同横向间隙下动子横向位移
Figure 16. Lateral displacement of mover under different lateral clearances
图 17 不同垂向间隙下杜瓦动力学响应
Figure 17. Dynamic response of Dewar under different vertical clearances
图 18 不同垂向间隙下动子垂向位移
Figure 18. Vertical displacement of mover under different vertical clearances
表 1 动力学评价指标
Table 1. Dynamic evaluation indicators
参数 数值 杜瓦横向位移/mm ±5 杜瓦垂向位移/mm ±5 杜瓦横向加速度/g ±5 杜瓦垂向加速度/g ±5 
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表 2 大气环境动力学响应
Table 2. Dynamic response in atmospheric environment
最高
速度/
（km·h−1）杜瓦横
向位移
幅值/mm杜瓦垂
向位移
幅值/mm杜瓦横
向加速度
幅值/（×g）杜瓦垂
向加速度
幅值/（×g）400 0.79 2.15 0.13 0.23 700 1.54 7.45 0.49 0.82
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