Review of Characteristic Analysis and Countermeasures for Excitation Inrush Current in Railway Power Supply
-
摘要:
近年来，铁路部门在现场空载投入经改造、检修或故障切除后的变压器时，多次出现因励磁涌流致使继保装置误动作的事件，这严重影响了供电可靠性. 为确保铁路供电系统安全可靠运行，在开展现场调研并综合大量文献分析的基础上，对我国铁路供电系统中励磁涌流给电气设备和铁路行车的危害进行系统分析；同时，基于变压器电磁等效模型，对励磁涌流的形成原因开展定性分析，指出剩磁、合闸偏磁是影响励磁涌流大小的主要因素；此外，介绍了国内外学者通过协调剩磁与合闸时间、外部增设电气元器件等方法抑制励磁涌流的研究现状，并归纳波形特征法、时频域分析法、神经网络法等励磁涌流波形识别技术的研究进展；最后，展望多场景和全特性的励 磁涌流暂态仿真、变压器高性能新材料和新结构的研发与应用，以及基于新型神经网络的波形识别技术及其保护配合措施等，认为这些是今后需要重点研究的领域.
Abstract:In recent years, incidents of misoperation of relay protection devices caused by excitation inrush current have occurred multiple times when transformers are put into no-load operation by railway departments on site after modification, maintenance, or fault removal, which seriously affects power supply reliability. To ensure the safe and reliable operation of the railway power supply system, based on on-site investigations and comprehensive analysis of extensive literature, the hazards of excitation inrush current to electrical equipment and railway operation in the Chinese railway power supply system were systematically analyzed. Meanwhile, based on the electromagnetic equivalent model of transformers, a qualitative analysis of the formation causes of excitation inrush current was conducted, pointing out that residual magnetism and closing bias magnetism are the main factors affecting the magnitude of excitation inrush current. In addition, the current research status of Chinese and international scholars on suppressing excitation inrush current by coordinating residual magnetism and closing time, as well as adding external electrical components, was introduced, and the research progress of excitation inrush current waveform recognition technologies, such as the waveform feature method, time-frequency domain analysis method, and neural network method, was summarized. Finally, multi-scenario and full-characteristic transient simulation of excitation inrush current, the research and development and application of high-performance new materials and new structures for transformers, as well as waveform recognition technology based on new neural networks and its protection coordination measures were prospected, which were considered as key areas for future research.
-
图 3 励磁涌流机理与预防机制框架
Figure 3. Framework of excitation inrush current mechanism and prevention mechanism
图 4 单相变压器在断路器分合闸中的等效电路
Figure 4. Equivalent circuit of single-phase transformer during opening and closing of circuit breaker
图 5 励磁涌流的动态曲线示意
Figure 5. Schematic diagram of dynamic curves of excitation inrush current
图 11 牵引供电中的级联和应涌流
Figure 11. Cascading sympathetic inrush current in traction power supply
图 13 频时域分析法分解涌励磁涌流
Figure 13. Decomposition of excitation inrush current by time-frequency domain analysis method
图 14 神经网络法识别励磁涌流流程图
Figure 14. Flowchart of recognizing excitation inrush current by neural network method
图 15 Iii接线牵引变压器差动保护逻辑图
Figure 15. Logic diagram of differential protection for Iii wiring traction transformer
表 1 铁路供电系统中的变压器分类
Table 1. Classification of transformers in railway power supply system
系统 名称 电压/kV 位置 电量保护 用途 牵引供电 牵引变压器 220（110）/27.5 牵引变电所 差动速断比率差动 为接触网供电 自耦变压器 5527.5 AT 所 AT 分区所 差动速断比率差动 提高 AT 供电的供电质量 27.5 kV 所用变压器 27.5/0.23 牵引变电所 熔断器 为变电所交直流系统供电 10 kV 所用变压器 10/0.4 牵引变电所 熔断器 为变电所交直流系统供电 铁路电力 电力变压器 220（110）/10 合建变电所 差动速断比率差动 为10 kV 电力线路供电 调压变压器 10/10 配电所 稳定电压波动 配电变压器 10/0.4 车站、通号所、住户等 熔断器 铁路沿线生产、生活用电 
下载: 导出CSV
表 2 第1个周波内磁链最大值和励磁涌流情况
Table 2. Situation of maximum flux linkage and excitation inrush current in first cycle
α Ψr 0 Ψm −Ψm 90° −2Ψm ±Ψm
（无励磁涌流）−3Ψm 0° 和 180° ±Ψm
（无励磁涌流）2Ψm −2Ψm 270° （−90°） 2Ψm 3Ψm ±Ψm
（无励磁涌流）
下载: 导出CSV
表 3 选相合闸法对比表
Table 3. Comparison of phase-controlled closing methods
方法 优势 局限性 适用场景 快速合闸 抑制效果显著，周期内完成合闸 对三相剩磁有特定要求，其中一相剩磁为 0 新投运或去磁处理的变压器 延时合闸 对剩磁要求低，工程适应性较强 需已知首合相剩磁，延迟时间敏感 所有变压器 同步合闸 无需分相操作，符合现有设备 对三相剩磁有特定要求且其中一相剩磁为0 三相联动断路器系统
下载: 导出CSV
表 4 励磁涌流应对策略及方法汇总
Table 4. Summary of coping strategies and methods for excitation inrush current
防线 策略 方法 原理及特点 局限性 应用范围 第一道防线 内部策略 合闸电阻法 合闸过程中串联电阻加速非周期分量衰减 引入合闸电阻、断路器等设备增加系统复杂性和成本 需要频繁控制合闸的场景 选相合闸法 基于铁芯磁化模型 通过铁芯磁化模型计算不同合闸时刻下的励磁涌流大小，确定最佳合闸时刻 计算量大、依赖模型准确性 需要频繁控制合闸的场景 经验估值法 根据历史数据和运行经验，确定最佳合闸时刻 普适性差、依赖样本量、普遍精度低 适用于成本较低、规模小或资源有限的电力系统 电压积分法 根据电压曲线积分结果，确定最佳合闸时刻 结果受起始积分时刻影响较大 适用于各类型变压器 基于变压器漏磁的剩磁测量法 所检测的漏磁间接推算铁芯内部剩磁，确定最佳合闸时刻 漏磁测量准确性易受强磁场环境影响 适用于各类型变压器 预先充磁/消磁法 在特定的合闸时刻下，通过建立外部受控磁场来调整剩磁至设定值 系统复杂性和设备成本高预先充磁或消磁的过程耗时长 专用于对安全性、稳定性要求较高的场景，如船舶领域的变压器 外部策略 基于电力电子技术的涌流抑制法 利用 PWM 控制器建立闭环反馈系统，精确控制电压上升速率，使设备平滑过渡到工作状态 引入 PWM 控制器等设备设备操作难度及维护成本高 专用于特定重点场所不适合大规模推广 辅助绕组非同步合闸法 通过辅助绕组所建立的阶梯型调制磁场，使铁芯磁通呈正弦变化，趋于稳定后非同步合闸 增加了系统复杂性和设备成本不适用于快速恢复供电的场景 常用于10、35 kV配电线路 并联电容消磁法 合闸前在电容和变压器的等效电感之间产生振荡，通过振荡电流逐步调整剩磁实现退磁效果 增加并联电容器、无需配置额外断路器，对电容参数要求高 适用于断路器自带电容器的330 kV 及以上的系统 第二道防线 励磁涌流识别及闭锁 波形特征法 故障电流和励磁涌流在偏度系数、峭度系数、正弦波相似性、间断角等波形特征上存在明显差异 对噪声敏感、识别复杂涌流波形的准确性差 适用于系统结构简单、配置基础的电力系统 时频域分析法 傅里叶分解类 将信号从时域转换到频域，通过正弦/余弦基函数展开表示信号的频率成分，提供全局频率信息 判断依据单一，无法适用于特殊波形 广泛应用于各类电力系统，包括铁路供电系统 小波分解类 利用具有伸缩和平移特性的母小波函数对信号进行多尺度分解，实现时频局部化分析，计算效率高 准确性依赖小波基函数的选取，复杂信号中可能模态混叠 EMD 分解类 自适应地分解出的各 IMF 代表各自局部振荡模态结合希尔伯特变换获取瞬时频率，自适应能力强 抗模态混叠能力弱，端点效应严重 轴承故障、地震信号、生物医学信号、较复杂电力系统信号分析 VMD 分解类 构建并求解约束变分优化函数，将信号分解为特定带宽限制的 IMF，各IMF 中心频率和稀疏性明确，抗模态混叠能力强 需预先设定模态数量，参数敏感，计算复杂 数据预处理、轴承故障、生物医学信号、音频信号、图像处理分析，复杂的电力系统 神经网络 卷积神经网络 利用卷积核提取局部特征，结合池化操作实现平移不变性和层次化特征提取 对长距离依赖建模弱，结构固定 图像分类、目标检测、医学图像和复杂电力系统 Transformer 网络 基于自注意力机制，不依赖递归结构，直接建模全局依赖 计算复杂度高，需大量训练数据 自然语言处理、图像识别、视频理解和复杂电力系统
下载: 导出CSV
-
[1] 李群湛, 黄小红, 吴波, 等. 电气化铁路绿电利用与零碳贯通供电技术[J/OL]. 西南交通大学学报, 1-9[2025-08-02]. https://link.cnki.net/urlid/51.1277.u.20250517.1635.002. [2] 王保国. 智能牵引供电系统工程实践与发展思考[J]. 铁道学报, 2024, 46(6): 1-10.Wang Baoguo. Engineering practice and development thinking of intelligent Traction power supply system[J]. Journal of the China Railway Society, 2024, 46(6): 1-10. [3] 刘洁. 40.8亿人次、39.9亿吨、16.2万公里多维度数据看中国铁路2024成绩单[ R]. 中国电视报, 2025-01-02(1). [4] 周海龙, 张知原, 王潘潘, 等. 高铁牵引供电系统增容改造方案分析[J]. 电气化铁道, 2024, 35(增刊1): 45-47. doi: 10.19587/j.cnki.1007-936x.2024z.011Zhou Hailong, Zhang Zhiyuan, Wang Panpan, et al. Analysis of capacity-increasing transformation scheme of high-speed rail traction power supply system[J]. Electric Railway, 2024, 35(S1): 45-47. doi: 10.19587/j.cnki.1007-936x.2024z.011 [5] 孙江正, 丁家聪. 商合杭高铁新增主变励磁涌流导致差动保护误动作分析[J]. 电气化铁道, 2019, 30(增刊1): 139-143.Sun Jiangzheng, Ding Jiacong. Analysis of miss operation induced by potential tripping caused by excitation surge current from new added main transformer for Shang-He-Hang high speed railway[J]. Electric Railway, 2019, 30(S1): 139-143. [6] 张文韬, 王渝红, 丁理杰, 等. 变压器励磁涌流的抑制方法综述[J]. 四川电力技术, 2018, 41(5): 56-62.Zhang Wentao, Wang Yuhong, Ding Lijie, et al. Review of attenuation methods for transformer inrush current[J]. Sichuan Electric Power Technology, 2018, 41(5): 56-62. [7] 张小钒, 兰生. 变压器励磁涌流的识别方法综述[J]. 电气开关, 2016, 54(3): 1-6.Zhang Xiaofan, Lan Sheng. Review of the methods to identify transformer inrush current[J]. Electric Switcher, 2016, 54(3): 1-6. [8] 王继来. 双边贯通供电方式下牵引变电所保护配置研究[J]. 铁道工程学报, 2022, 39(2): 90-95. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-2106.2022.02.017Wang Jilai. Research on the protection configuration of traction substation in bilateral interconnected power supply mode[J]. Journal of Railway Engineering Society, 2022, 39(2): 90-95. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-2106.2022.02.017 [9] 郭文凯, 王果, 闵永智. 计及阶梯式碳交易的牵引供电系统混合储能容量配置[J]. 西南交通大学学报, 2025, 60(3): 550-560. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-2724.20230693Guo Wenkai, Wang Guo, Min Yongzhi. Hybrid energy storage capacity configuration for traction power supply systems considering ladder-type carbon trading mechanism[J]. Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University, 2025, 60(3): 550-560. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-2724.20230693 [10] 解绍锋, 孙镜堤, 骆冰祥, 等. 高速铁路对邻近普速铁路电力电缆的干扰机理[J]. 西南交通大学学报, 2021, 56(1): 206-213. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-2724.20191003Xie Shaofeng, Sun Jingdi, Luo Bingxiang, et al. Mechanism of high-speed railway interference on power cables of adjacent normal-speed railway[J]. Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University, 2021, 56(1): 206-213. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-2724.20191003 [11] TB 10009—2016 铁路电力牵引供电设计规范(2024年局部修订)[S]. [12] 赵元哲, 李群湛, 周福林, 等. 电力机车变压器励磁涌流及其影响分析[J]. 电力系统及其自动化学报, 2018, 30(3): 25-34. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-8930.2018.03.004Zhao Yuanzhe, Li Qunzhan, Zhou Fulin, et al. Analysis on inrush current of electric locomotive transformer and its effects[J]. Proceedings of the CSU-EPSA, 2018, 30(3): 25-34. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-8930.2018.03.004 [13] 冯存亮. 牵引变电所变压器励磁涌流的研究[D]. 北京: 北京交通大学, 2011. [14] 宋博. 牵引变压器差动保护不平衡电流分析[J]. 电气化铁道, 2021, 32(1): 33-36. doi: 10.19587/j.cnki.1007-936x.2021.01.008Song Bo. Analysis of differential protection unbalance current of traction transformer[J]. Electric Railway, 2021, 32(1): 33-36. doi: 10.19587/j.cnki.1007-936x.2021.01.008 [15] 廖小君, 李龙源, 童晓阳, 等. 基于电流向量l2范数的变压器比率差动保护新判据[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2022, 42(18): 6693-6703. doi: 10.13334/j.0258-8013.pcsee.211717Liao Xiaojun, Li Longyuan, Tong Xiaoyang, et al. New criterion of transformer ratio differential protection based on l2 norm of current vectors[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2022, 42(18): 6693-6703. doi: 10.13334/j.0258-8013.pcsee.211717 [16] 杨铁雷. 高铁牵引变压器微机保护装置的研究及整定[D]. 兰州: 兰州交通大学, 2019. [17] 王迎晨, 杨少兵, 宋可荐, 等. 基于谐波耦合机理的V/v接线牵引供电系统谐波阻抗辨识方法[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2021, 41(11): 3818-3828.Wang Yingchen, Yang Shaobing, Song Kejian, et al. Harmonic impedance identification method of V/v connection traction power supply system based on harmonic coupling mechanism[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2021, 41(11): 3818-3828. [18] 王仁, 李正绪, 杨家辉, 等. 换流变压器空载合闸励磁涌流有限元磁场仿真及受力分析[J]. 广东电力, 2020, 33(7): 113-120. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-290X.2020.007.015Wang Ren, Li Zhengxu, Yang Jiahui, et al. Converter transformer no-load inrush current based on FEM magnetic field simulation and force analysis[J]. Guangdong Electric Power, 2020, 33(7): 113-120. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-290X.2020.007.015 [19] 陈佳. 牵引供电系统操作过电压研究[D]. 北京: 北京交通大学, 2016. [20] 韩旭东, 王斌, 高仕斌, 等. 基于车网耦合的高速铁路AT供电系统谐振特性[J]. 西南交通大学学报, 2014, 49(4): 582-589.Han Xudong, Wang Bin, Gao Shibin, et al. Harmonic resonance of AT power supply system of high speed railway based on train-network coupling[J]. Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University, 2014, 49(4): 582-589. [21] 王艺楠, 孟令云, 汤佳桐, 等. 高速铁路越区供电列车运行调整计划优化模型[J]. 铁道科学与工程学报, 2021, 18(9): 2264-2270. doi: 10.19713/j.cnki.43-1423/u.T20201040Wang Yinan, Meng Lingyun, Tang Jiatong, et al. Optimization model of high-speed railway train rescheduling for over-zone feeding[J]. Journal of Railway Science and Engineering, 2021, 18(9): 2264-2270. doi: 10.19713/j.cnki.43-1423/u.T20201040 [22] 高仕斌, 罗嘉明, 陈维荣, 等. 轨道交通 “网-源-储-车” 协同供能技术体系[J]. 西南交通大学学报, 2024, 59(5): 959-979, 989. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-2724.20220210Gao Shibin, Luo Jiaming, Chen Weirong, et al. Rail transit “network-source-storage-vehicle” collaborative energy supply technology system[J]. Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University, 2024, 59(5): 959-979, 989. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-2724.20220210 [23] 刘超, 陈凤涛. 基于PSCAD/EMTDC的变压器励磁涌流仿真研究[J]. 变压器, 2020, 57(5): 44-47.Liu Chao, Chen Fengtao. Research on simulation of inrush current in transformer based on PSCAD/EMTDC[J]. Transformer, 2020, 57(5): 44-47. [24] 禤冠星, 蔡定国, 唐金权, 等. 变压器励磁涌流试验研究与分析[J]. 变压器, 2020, 57(5): 33-36. doi: 10.19487/j.cnki.1001-8425.2020.05.010Xuan Guanxing, Cai Dingguo, Tang Jinquan, et al. Test and research of transformer inrush current[J]. Transformer, 2020, 57(5): 33-36. doi: 10.19487/j.cnki.1001-8425.2020.05.010 [25] Mishra P, Swain A, Pradhan A K, et al. Sequence current-based inrush detection in high-permeability core transformers[J]. IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, 2023, 72: 3534509. doi: 10.1109/tim.2023.3318715 [26] 吴嘉琪, 李晓华, 陈忠, 等. 考虑磁滞特性变压器PSCAD/EMTDC电磁暂态仿真建模方法及励磁差异性分析[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2017, 37(5): 1543-1551.Wu Jiaqi, Li Xiaohua, Chen Zhong, et al. A transformer model with hysteresis characteristics for electromagnetic transients based on PSCAD/EMTDC and excitation difference analysis[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2017, 37(5): 1543-1551. [27] 李景丽, 贺鹏威, 邱再森, 等. 电力变压器铁心剩磁测量方法研究综述[J]. 高压电器, 2018, 54(7): 98-105. doi: 10.13296/j.1001-1609.hva.2018.07.011Li Jingli, He Pengwei, Qiu Zaisen, et al. Review of measurement methods for residual magnetism of power transformer iron core[J]. High Voltage Apparatus, 2018, 54(7): 98-105. doi: 10.13296/j.1001-1609.hva.2018.07.011 [28] 何智龙. 基于Lagrange插值法的变压器励磁涌流评估与应用[J]. 电测与仪表, 2020, 57(23): 148-152.He Zhilong. Evaluation and application of transformer inrush current based on Lagrange interpolation method[J]. Electrical Measurement & Instrumentation, 2020, 57(23): 148-152. [29] 赵紫薇, 汪友华, 火彩玲. 变压器环形铁芯建模和剩磁测量[J]. 电测与仪表, 2023, 60(7): 116-121. doi: 10.19753/j.issn1001-1390.2023.07.018Zhao Ziwei, Wang Youhua, Huo Cailing. Toroidal iron core modeling of transformer and residual flux density measurement[J]. Electrical Measurement & Instrumentation, 2023, 60(7): 116-121. doi: 10.19753/j.issn1001-1390.2023.07.018 [30] 杜晓平, 张勇, 李涛, 等. 多因素影响下电力变压器励磁涌流分析[J]. 变压器, 2020, 57(12): 51-54, 60.Du Xiaoping, Zhang Yong, Li Tao, et al. Analysis of magnetizing inrush current of power transformer under influence of many factors[J]. Transformer, 2020, 57(12): 51-54,60. [31] Hauser H. Energetic model of ferromagnetic hysteresis[J]. Journal of Applied Physics, 1994, 75(5): 2584-2597. doi: 10.1063/1.356233 [32] 余世峰, 聂定珍, 项冰. 特高压直流换流变压器励磁涌流及其抑制[J]. 电力建设, 2014, 35(10): 26-30. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-7229.2014.10.006Yu Shifeng, Nie Dingzhen, Xiang Bing. Magnetizing inrush current restraining for UHVDC converter transformer[J]. Electric Power Construction, 2014, 35(10): 26-30. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-7229.2014.10.006 [33] 滕文涛. 大容量交流变压器励磁涌流及其抑制措施研究[D]. 北京: 华北电力大学, 2017. [34] 金伟琦. 电力变压器励磁涌流及其抑制技术研究[D]. 成都: 成都理工大学, 2022. [35] Shimizu H, Mutsuura K, Yokomizu Y, et al. Inrush-current-limiting with high Tc superconductor[J]. IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 2005, 15(2): 2071-2073. [36] 肖湃, 张海龙, 杜志叶, 等. 特高压换流变压器励磁涌流选相合闸抑制方法研究[J]. 高压电器, 2023, 59(5): 146-153, 162. doi: 10.13296/j.1001⁃1609.hva.2023.05.018Xiao Pai, Zhang Hailong, Du Zhiye, et al. Research on phase selection closing suppression method of exciting inrush current of UHV converter transformer[J]. High Voltage Apparatus, 2023, 59(5): 146-153, 162. doi: 10.13296/j.1001⁃1609.hva.2023.05.018 [37] 马云龙, 李秀广, 周秀, 等. 基于高压真空快速断路器的变压器励磁涌流抑制技术研究[J]. 高压电器, 2022, 58(10): 136-142. doi: 10.13296/j.1001-1609.hva.2022.10.018Ma Yunlong, Li Xiuguang, Zhou Xiu, et al. Research on excitation inrush current suppression technology of transformer based on high voltage vacuum fast circuit breaker[J]. High Voltage Apparatus, 2022, 58(10): 136-142. doi: 10.13296/j.1001-1609.hva.2022.10.018 [38] 王伟, 魏菊芳, 方琼, 等. 变压器3种励磁涌流抑制措施效果比较[J]. 高压电器, 2020, 56(2): 101-107. doi: 10.13296/j.1001-1609.hva.2020.02.015Wang Wei, Wei Jufang, Fang Qiong, et al. Comparison of three kinds of magnetizing inrush current suppression measures for transformer[J]. High Voltage Apparatus, 2020, 56(2): 101-107. doi: 10.13296/j.1001-1609.hva.2020.02.015 [39] Wilk A, Michna M, Cichowski A. Simulation of the remanence influence on the transient states of the single-phase transformer including feedback Preisach model[C]//IECON 2014—40th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society. Dallas: IEEE, 2015: 875-880. [40] Brunke J H, Frohlich K J. Elimination of transformer inrush currents by controlled switching. I. Theoretical considerations[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 2001, 16(2): 276-280. doi: 10.1109/61.915495 [41] 徐康波. 基于改进J-A模型的变压器继电保护研究[D]. 合肥: 合肥工业大学, 2021. [42] 王洋. 变压器铁心剩磁预测研究[D]. 济南: 山东大学, 2017. [43] 李鹏, 董明鑫, 李刚, 等. 基于外部直流激励的电力变压器剩磁评估与试验验证[J]. 电网技术, 2022, 46(10): 4122-4130. doi: 10.13335/j.1000-3673.pst.2021.1845Li Peng, Dong Mingxin, Li Gang, et al. Residual flux evaluation and experimental validation of power transformer based on external DC excitation[J]. Power System Technology, 2022, 46(10): 4122-4130. doi: 10.13335/j.1000-3673.pst.2021.1845 [44] 白雪锋. 变压器剩磁变化规律及涌流抑制策略[D]. 武汉: 华中科技大学, 2021. [45] 孔硕颖. 变压器励磁涌流分析与抑制方法研究[D]. 南京: 东南大学, 2018. [46] Łukaniszyn M, Baron B, Kolańska-Płuska J, et al. Inrush current reduction strategy for a three-phase Dy transformer based on pre-magnetization of the columns and controlled switching[J]. Energies, 2023, 16(13): 5238. doi: 10.3390/en16135238 [47] 黄彬, 王杰, 曹人靖, 等. 大型船舶变压器预充磁方案研究[J]. 舰船科学技术, 2019, 41(6): 100-105. doi: 10.3404/j.issn.1672-7649.2019.06.021Huang Bin, Wang Jie, Cao Renjing, et al. Analysis of transformer pre-magnetizing in large marine power system[J]. Ship Science and Technology, 2019, 41(6): 100-105. doi: 10.3404/j.issn.1672-7649.2019.06.021 [48] 王义凯, 尹项根, 乔健, 等. 串接小容量变压器预充磁技术参数设计[J]. 电力自动化设备, 2022, 42(9): 197-202. doi: 10.16081/j.epae.202204053Wang Yikai, Yin Xianggen, Qiao Jian, et al. Parameter design of series small-capacity transformer pre-magnetizing technology[J]. Electric Power Automation Equipment, 2022, 42(9): 197-202. doi: 10.16081/j.epae.202204053 [49] 何越, 林湘宁, 黄景光. 一种直接消除变压器合闸励磁涌流的方法[J]. 电工技术学报, 2011, 26(11): 141-149. doi: 10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.2011.11.021He Yue, Lin Xiangning, Huang Jingguang. A method to eliminate the magnetizing inrush current of energized transformers[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2011, 26(11): 141-149. doi: 10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.2011.11.021 [50] Seo H C, Kim C H, Rhee S B, et al. Superconducting fault current limiter application for reduction of the transformer inrush current: a decision scheme of the optimal insertion resistance[J]. IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 2010, 20(4): 2255-2264. doi: 10.1109/TASC.2010.2048214 [51] 李春艳, 周念成, 王强钢, 等. 基于软启动的变压器励磁涌流抑制方法[J]. 电工技术学报, 2020, 35(17): 3640-3651. doi: 10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.190996Li Chunyan, Zhou Niancheng, Wang Qianggang, et al. A method to eliminate transformer inrush currents using soft-starter-based controlled energization[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2020, 35(17): 3640-3651. doi: 10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.190996 [52] 陈志伟, 董小飞, 丁国成, 等. 不考虑剩磁非同步合闸技术的混合变压器励磁涌流治理策略研究[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2022, 42(13): 4982-4992. doi: 10.13334/j.0258-8013.pcsee.211290Chen Zhiwei, Dong Xiaofei, Ding Guocheng, et al. Research on excitation inrush current management strategy of hybrid transformer without considering remanence asynchronous closing technology[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2022, 42(13): 4982-4992. doi: 10.13334/j.0258-8013.pcsee.211290 [53] 袁炜颖, 甘萌莹, 袁建生. 通过改变外电路电容减小变压器剩磁的方法[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2022, 42(8): 2997-3003. doi: 10.13334/j.0258-8013.pcsee.220535Yuan Weiying, Gan Mengying, Yuan Jiansheng. Method of reducing transformer remanence by changing capacitance of external circuit[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2022, 42(8): 2997-3003. doi: 10.13334/j.0258-8013.pcsee.220535 [54] 刘钢, 付志红, 侯兴哲, 等. 外部恒定磁场对电流互感器传变特性影响分析[J]. 电力自动化设备, 2013, 33(11): 100-104. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-6047.2013.11.018Liu Gang, Fu Zhihong, Hou Xingzhe, et al. Impact of external constant magnetic field on transfer characteristics of current transformer[J]. Electric Power Automation Equipment, 2013, 33(11): 100-104. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-6047.2013.11.018 [55] 刘刚, 熊小伏, 廖瑞金, 等. 泄漏电流对电流互感器误差特性的影响及分析[J]. 电工技术学报, 2018, 33(3): 697-704. doi: 10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.161615Liu Gang, Xiong Xiaofu, Liao Ruijin, et al. Effect and analysis of leakage current on error characteristics of current transformer[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2018, 33(3): 697-704. doi: 10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.161615 [56] 栗磊, 梁亚波, 赫嘉楠, 等. 基于差动电流相位差的和应涌流识别及其与内部故障的区分方法[J]. 电网与清洁能源, 2023, 39(8): 64-72.Li Lei, Liang Yabo, He Jianan, et al. A method of identifying sympathetic inrush current based on phase difference of differential current and distinguishing it from internal faults[J]. Power System and Clean Energy, 2023, 39(8): 64-72. [57] 孙向飞, 周建萍, 夏聆峰, 等. 和应涌流导致差动保护误动模式及原因研究[J]. 昆明理工大学学报(自然科学版), 2015, 40(2): 73-79, 129.Sun Xiangfei, Zhou Jianping, Xia Lingfeng, et al. Mode and reason analysis of differential protection mal-operation caused by sympathetic inrush[J]. Journal of Kunming University of Science and Technology (Natural Science Edition), 2015, 40(2): 73-79, 129. [58] Dinesh B K N, Garzava P K, Ramalla I. Inrush/fault current detection for accelerated fault clearance to enhance transformer life[C]//2019 IEEE Asia Power and Energy Engineering Conference (APEEC). Chengdu: IEEE, 2019: 1-4. [59] 李波, 江亚群, 侯立峰, 等. 利用波形曲率识别变压器励磁涌流的新方法[J]. 电力系统及其自动化学报, 2010, 22(6): 93-98.Li Bo, Jiang Yaqun, Hou Lifeng, et al. Novel method to identify transformer inrush current based on the curvature characteristics of waveform[J]. Proceedings of the Chinese Society of Universities for Electric Power System and Its Automation, 2010, 22(6): 93-98. [60] 刘鹏辉, 黄纯, 江亚群, 等. 基于峭度系数的变压器励磁涌流识别方法[J]. 电网技术, 2015, 39(7): 2023-2028.Liu Penghui, Huang Chun, Jiang Yaqun, et al. An approach to identify inrush current of transformers based on the kurtosis coefficient[J]. Power System Technology, 2015, 39(7): 2023-2028. [61] 陈勇, 张员宁, 黄景光, 等. 基于正弦同源-概率空间协同互补的涌流闭锁方案[J]. 电力自动化设备, 2024, 44(1): 196-202.Chen Yong, Zhang Yuanning, Huang Jingguang, et al. Inrush current locking scheme based on sine homologous-probability space collaborative complementation[J]. Electric Power Automation Equipment, 2024, 44(1): 196-202. [62] 胡松, 江亚群, 黄纯. 基于偏度系数的变压器励磁涌流识别方法[J]. 电网技术, 2018, 42(6): 1954-1959.Hu Song, Jiang Yaqun, Huang Chun. Identification method of transformer inrush current based on skewness coefficient[J]. Power System Technology, 2018, 42(6): 1954-1959. [63] 翁汉琍, 刘华, 林湘宁, 等. 基于Hausdorff距离算法的变压器差动保护新判据[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2018, 38(2): 475-483, 678.Weng Hanli, Liu Hua, Lin Xiangning, et al. A novel criterion of the transformer differential protection based on the Hausdorff distance algorithm[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2018, 38(2): 475-483, 678. [64] 张小钒, 兰生. 基于拟合波形相关性的变压器励磁涌流识别新方法[J]. 电测与仪表, 2017, 54(1): 61-66.Zhang Xiaofan, Lan Sheng. A new method to identify excitation inrush current of transformer based on the correlation of waveform fitting[J]. Electrical Measurement & Instrumentation, 2017, 54(1): 61-66. [65] 翁汉琍, 陈皓, 万毅, 等. 基于巴氏系数的变压器励磁涌流和故障差流识别新判据[J]. 电力系统保护与控制, 2020, 48(10): 113-122.Weng Hanli, Chen Hao, Wan Yi, et al. A novel criterion to distinguish inrush current from fault current based on the Bhattacharyya coefficient[J]. Power System Protection and Control, 2020, 48(10): 113-122. [66] 张思瑞, 张兵, 张云鹏, 等. 基于波形凹凸性的励磁涌流识别方法[J]. 变压器, 2022, 59(6): 31-35.Zhang Sirui, Zhang Bing, Zhang Yunpeng, et al. A new method for identifying inrush current based on concave and convex waveform[J]. Transformer, 2022, 59(6): 31-35. [67] Liu Z P, Xiao S W, Dong H Y. Identification of transformer magnetizing inrush current based on empirical mode decomposition[C]//2021 IEEE 4th International Electrical and Energy Conference (CIEEC). Wuhan: IEEE, 2021: 1-6. [68] 刘盛, 李焱, 李天浩, 等. 广义S变换鉴别电力变压器励磁涌流特征量的仿真研究[J]. 自动化仪表, 2021, 42(8): 23-26.Liu Sheng, Li Yan, Li Tianhao, et al. Research and simulation of distinguishing inrush current characteristics of power transformer with generalized S- transform[J]. Process Automation Instrumentation, 2021, 42(8): 23-26. [69] 戚沁雅, 曹伯仲, 安义, 等. 基于改进Prony算法的配电变压器群励磁涌流多特征综合辨识方法[J]. 电力科学与技术学报, 2024, 39(6): 69-78.Qi Qinya, Cao Bozhong, An Yi, et al. Comprehensive multi-feature identification method of magnetizing inrush current in distribution transformers based on improved Prony algorithm[J]. Journal of Electric Power Science and Technology, 2024, 39(6): 69-78. [70] 陈争光, 刘一民, 王兴国, 等. 直流偏磁对二次谐波制动判据的影响及对策[J]. 电力系统及其自动化学报, 2021, 33(5): 91-99.Chen Zhengguang, Liu Yimin, Wang Xingguo, et al. Influences of DC bias on the criterion for second-order harmonic braking and the corresponding countermeasures[J]. Proceedings of the CSU-EPSA, 2021, 33(5): 91-99. [71] 栾云飞, 张禄亮, 季天瑶, 等. 基于直方图和余弦相似度的光伏电站主变压器励磁涌流识别[J]. 电测与仪表, 2025, 62(7): 181-189.Luan Yunfei, Zhang Luliang, Ji Tianyao, et al. Histogram and cosine similarity based magnetizing inrush current identification for main transformer in photovoltaic power station[J]. Electrical Measurement & Instrumentation, 2025, 62(7): 181-189. [72] 张宇婷, 程方晓, 郑琪文. 改进TD与小波变换励磁涌流识别[J]. 长春工业大学学报, 2021, 42(1): 65-74.Zhang Yuting, Cheng Fangxiao, Zheng Qiwen. Magnetizing inrush current identification based on improved TD and wavelet transform[J]. Journal of Changchun University of Technology, 2021, 42(1): 65-74. [73] 李宁, 梁河雷, 程旭, 等. 基于SVMD和SDRSE方法的输电线路局部放电信号诊断分析[J]. 中国工程机械学报, 2023, 21(6): 613-618.Li Ning, Liang Helei, Cheng Xu, et al. Diagnosis and analysis of partial discharge signals in transmission lines based on SVMD and SDRSE methods[J]. Chinese Journal of Construction Machinery, 2023, 21(6): 613-618. [74] DRAGOMIRETSKIY K, ZOSSO D. Variational mode decomposition[J]. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, 2014, 62(3): 531-544. [75] 王小敏, 熊旭洲, 杨勇, 等. 基于轨出电压暂态特征的轨道电路分路不良识别[J/OL]. 西南交通大学学报, 1-9[2025-08-02]. https://link.cnki.net/urlid/51.1277.U.20241231.1447.006. [76] Jing M, Du J Y. Research on magnetizing inrush current and fault identification of transformer based on VMD-SVM[C]//2020 IEEE International Conference on Information Technology, Big Data and Artificial Intelligence (ICIBA). Chongqing: IEEE, 2020: 172-178. [77] 沈春城, 严柏平, 黄大卓, 等. 基于波形复杂特性的励磁涌流快速识别算法研究[J]. 电气工程学报, 2024, 19(1): 243-253.Shen Chuncheng, Yan Baiping, HUANG Dazhuo, et al. Research on fast identification algorithm of inrush current based on complex characteristics of waveform[J]. Journal of Electrical Engineering, 2024, 19(1): 243-253. [78] Jiao S B, Chang Y, Zhang Q. Research method of identifying transformer inrush current and fault current based on VMD-HHT[C]//2019 Chinese Control Conference (CCC). Guangzhou: IEEE, 2019: 7340-7345. [79] 刘建锋, 范一凡, 宋伊宁, 等. 基于改进连续变分模态分解和深度残差网络及漏磁信号的变压器绕组故障诊断[J]. 电网技术, 2025, 49(10): 4428-4437.Liu Jianfeng, Fan Yifan, Song Yining, et al. Fault diagnosis of transformer windings based on improved sequential variational mode decomposition, deep residual network and magnetic leakage signals[J]. Power System Technology, 2025, 49(10): 4428-4437. [80] 李峰, 陈皖皖, 李晓华, 等. 基于SVMD-CMSEE与GSA-SVM的新型电力系统变压器故障状态智能诊断方法[J]. 电测与仪表, 2024, 61(12): 17-25.Li Feng, Chen Wanwan, Li Xiaohua, et al. An intelligent fault diagnosis method for transformer in novel power system based on SVMD-CMSEE and GSA-SVM[J]. Electrical Measurement & Instrumentation, 2024, 61(12): 17-25. [81] 王昭卿, 常延朝, 陈建磊, 等. 基于多融合MVMD-ISVM的复杂电能质量扰动识别方法[J]. 供用电, 2024, 41(9): 70-77.Wang Zhaoqing, Chang Yanchao, Chen Jianlei, et al. Identification method for complex power quality disturbances based on multi-fusion MVMD-ISVM[J]. Distribution & Utilization, 2024, 41(9): 70-77. [82] 姜涛, 刘博涵, 李雪, 等. 基于自适应投影多元经验模态分解的电力系统强迫振荡源定位[J]. 电工技术学报, 2023, 38(13): 3527-3538.Jiang Tao, Liu Bohan, Li Xue, et al. Forced oscillation location in power systems using adaptive projection intrinsically transformed multiple empirical mode decomposition[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2023, 38(13): 3527-3538. [83] 郝文斌, 李群湛, 黄咏容, 等. 基于支持向量机的励磁涌流识别算法[J]. 西南交通大学学报, 2007, 42(4): 490-493.Hao Wenbin, Li Qunzhan, Huang Yongrong, et al. New algorithm for inrush current identification of transformer based on support vector machine[J]. Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University, 2007, 42(4): 490-493. [84] Tat W C, Chee K C, Hoay B G. Detection of magnetizing inrush current using artificial neural network[C]//Proceedings of TENCON’93. IEEE Region 10 International Conference on Computers, Communications and Automation. Beijing: IEEE, 2002: 754-757. [85] Ozgonenel O, Terzi U K, Akar O, et al. Discrimination of magnetizing inrush and internal fault currents based on stockwell transform and ANN approach for transformer protection[C]//2019 11th International Conference on Electrical and Electronics Engineering (ELECO). Bursa: IEEE, 2020: 96-100. [86] 包艳艳, 杨广泽, 陈伟, 等. 基于SBSS与CNN的750 kV变压器和尖板的放电信号声纹识别[J]. 西南交通大学学报, 2025, 60(3): 781-792.Bao Yanyan, Yang Guangze, Chen Wei, et al. Voiceprint recognition of discharge aliasing signals from 750 kV transformer and pin-plate based on sparse representation theory and convolutional neural network[J]. Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University, 2025, 60(3): 781-792. [87] 张国栋, 刘凯, 蒲海涛, 等. 基于长短时记忆神经网络的励磁涌流与故障电流识别方法[J]. 上海交通大学学报, 2024, 58(5): 730-738.Zhang Guodong, Liu Kai, Pu Haitao, et al. Identification of inrush current and fault current based on long short-term memory neural network[J]. Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 2024, 58(5): 730-738. [88] 邹成明, 孔玲玲. 基于双通道深度学习网络的励磁涌流识别研究[J/OL]. 云南民族大学学报(自然科学版), 1-10[2025-07-14]. https://link.cnki.net/urlid/53.1192.n.20240605.1540.002.ZOU Chengming, KONG Lingling. Excitation inrush current identification based on dual-channel deep learning network[J/OL]. Journal of Yunnan Minzu University (Natural Sciences Edition), 1-10 [2025-07-14]. [89] 杨建峥, 王建, 赵洪峰, 等. 基于CNN-BiLSTM-Attention的励磁涌流识别方法[J]. 国外电子测量技术, 2025, 44(1): 10-16.Yang Jianzheng, Wang Jian, Zhao Hongfeng, et al. Excitation inrush current identification method based on CNN-BiLSTM-Attention[J]. Foreign Electronic Measurement Technology, 2025, 44(1): 10-16. [90] 王红斌, 方健, 张敏, 等. 基于邻域保持嵌入-主成分分析的配电变压器合闸涌流波形特征检测[J]. 电工电能新技术, 2024, 43(2): 29-38.Wang Hongbin, Fang Jian, Zhang Min, et al. Closing surge waveform feature detection of distribution transformer based on neighborhood preserving embedding-principal component method[J]. Advanced Technology of Electrical Engineering and Energy, 2024, 43(2): 29-38. [91] 令晓明, 张真, 刘燕山, 等. 多尺度相关的iAFF-Res2Net声纹识别模型[J]. 西南交通大学学报, 2025, 60(6): 1499-1507, 1518.Ling Xiaoming, Zhang Zhen, Liu Yanshan, et al. Multi-scale correlated iAFF-Res2Net voiceprint recognition model[J]. Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University, 2025, 60(6): 1499-1507,1518. [92] Xing Y T, Yao Y, Wang B W, et al. Fusion of variational modal decomposition and ResNet network for intelligent fault diagnosis of the bearing under time-varying speed condition[C]//2023 2nd International Conference on Cloud Computing, Big Data Application and Software Engineering (CBASE). Chengdu: IEEE, 2024: 304-309. [93] 朱晓娟, 李卫军, 马馨瑜, 等. 胶囊网络综述[J]. 计算机应用研究, 2025, 42(10): 2881-2892.Zhu Xiaojuan, Li Weijun, Ma Xinyu, et al. Overview of capsule networks[J]. Application Research of Computers, 2025, 42(10): 2881-2892. [94] 郑卓, 李志刚, 孙智, 等. 基于CNN-Transformer网络融合模型的电磁信号识别研究[J]. 无线电通信技术, 2023, 49(2): 262-268.Zheng Zhuo, Li Zhigang, Sun Zhi, et al. Research on electromagnetic signal recognition based on CNN-transformer network fusion model[J]. Radio Communications Technology, 2023, 49(2): 262-268. [95] 叶远波, 王吉文, 邵庆祝, 等. 配电网故障识别Transformer-联邦迁移学习算法设计[J]. 电力系统及其自动化学报, 2025, 37(10): 120-128.Ye Yuanbo, Wang Jiwen, Shao Qingzhu, et al. Design of transformer-based federated transfer learning algorithm for distribution network fault recognition[J]. Proceedings of the CSU-EPSA, 2025, 37(10): 120-128. [96] 翁汉琍, 禹文静, 郭祎达, 等. 基于电流改进模态LCS的变压器零序差动保护防误动闭锁方案[J]. 电力系统及其自动化学报, 2025, 37(10): 13-22.Weng Hanli, Yu Wenjing, Guo Yida, et al. Blocking scheme for preventing malfunctions of transformer zero-sequence differential protection based on LCS of improved morphological pattern of current[J]. Proceedings of the CSU-EPSA, 2025, 37(10): 13-22. -
下载:
点击查看大图
图(15) / 表(4)
计量
- 文章访问数: 38
- HTML全文浏览量: 105
- PDF下载量: 10
- 被引次数: 0