铁路隧道工程全生命周期碳排放模型构建及量化特征分析

孟凡强; 龚勋; 叶子临; 赵留辉; 巩浩; 王东梅; 龚正君

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0258-2724.20250279

铁路隧道工程全生命周期碳排放模型构建及量化特征分析

doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-2724.20250279

孟凡强^1,,
龚勋¹,
叶子临¹,
赵留辉^{1, 4},
巩浩¹,
王东梅^{1, 2},
龚正君^{1, 3, ,}

1.
西南交通大学环境科学与工程学院，四川成都 611756
2.
轨道交通工程污染防治四川省工程研究中心，四川成都 611756
3.
西南交通大学桥梁智能与绿色建造全国重点实验室四川成都 611756
4.
中铁第一勘察设计院集团有限公司，陕西西安 710043

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（U24A20514）；中国国家铁路集团科技研究开发计划（N2024Z011）

详细信息

作者简介:
孟凡强（1981—），男，博士研究生，研究方向为轨道交通工程碳排放评估与减碳技术研究，E-mail：14955505@qq.com

通讯作者:
龚正君（1976—），女，教授，博士，研究方向为环境污染控制化学及检测，E-mail：gzj@swjtu.edu.cn

中图分类号: U459.1；X731
计量
- 文章访问数: 62
- HTML全文浏览量: 54
- PDF下载量: 14
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-05-15
- 修回日期: 2025-09-24
- 网络出版日期: 2026-05-13

Construction of Model for Carbon Emissions and Analysis of Quantitative Characteristics for Whole Life Cycle of Railway Tunnel Engineering

MENG Fanqiang^1
,,
GONG Xun¹,
YE Zilin¹,
ZHAO Liuhui^{1, 4},
GONG Hao¹,
WANG Dongmei^{1, 2},
GONG Zhengjun^{1, 3
, ,}

1.
School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China
2.
Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Pollution Control in Rail Transit Engineering, Chengdu 611756, China
3.
State Key Laboratory of Bridge Intelligent and Green Construction, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China
4.
China Railway First Survey and Design Institute Group Co., Ltd., Xi’an 710043, China

摘要

摘要:
为准确评估铁路隧道工程全生命周期碳排放特征、支持专项分析与减排策略研究，针对铁路隧道施工工艺复杂、工序差异显著的特点，构建了涵盖工程物化阶段和运营维护阶段的碳排放核算模型，并结合分工序定额法与分材料碳因子法在某案例中进行碳排放量化核算与差异分析，进一步采用帕累托分析法识别高排放环节与关键影响因素，实现碳排放分解与分级管理. 结果表明：该案例隧道工程全生命周期碳排放为68.1075 × 10⁴ tCO₂e，其中工程物化阶段产生碳排放59.4040 × 10⁴ tCO₂e（占比87.2%），运营维护阶段碳排放8.7035 × 10⁴ tCO₂e（占比12.8%）；在工程物化阶段中，材料生产及现场施工过程贡献了高达95.76%的碳排放，其中钻爆段施工碳排放强度为13843 tCO₂e/km，盾构段施工碳排放强度为钻爆段施工的39.8%；在运营维护阶段，通风系统、防水排水和钢筋混凝土预制管维护占据73.54%的碳排放；全生命周期中A类碳排材料包括普通水泥42.5级（高性能混凝土）、普通水泥42.5级和带肋钢筋等，A类碳排机械包括轴流通风机、轨道式内燃机车和自卸汽车等；A类碳排工序包括盾构段衬砌、钻爆段支护和盾构段支护等.
- 铁路隧道 /
- 生命周期 /
- 碳排放核算 /
- 工程物化 /
- 运营维护
Abstract:
Given the complex construction processes and significant procedural variations in railway tunnels, a model for accounting carbon emissions covering the engineering materialization phase and the operation and maintenance phase was established to accurately assess carbon emission characteristics throughout the whole life cycle of railway tunnel engineering and support specialized analysis and emission reduction strategies. Combined with the unit rate method by procedure and the carbon factor method by material, quantitative accounting and variance analysis of carbon emissions were conducted in a case study. Furthermore, Pareto analysis was employed to identify high-emission sectors and key influencing factors, realizing the decomposition and hierarchical management of carbon emissions. The results indicate that the total carbon emissions during the whole life cycle of the case tunnel engineering are 68.107 5 × 10⁴ tCO₂e, with the engineering materialization phase generating 59.404 0 × 10⁴ tCO₂e (accounting for 87.2%) and the operation and maintenance phase generating 8.703 5 × 10⁴ tCO₂e (accounting for 12.8%). During the engineering materialization phase, material production and on-site construction processes contribute up to 95.76% of the carbon emissions, among which the carbon emission intensity of drill-and-blast section construction is 13 843 tCO₂e/km, and that of shield section construction is 39.8% of the former. During the operation and maintenance phase, the maintenance of ventilation systems, waterproofing and drainage systems, and reinforced concrete precast pipes accounts for 73.54% of the carbon emissions. In the whole life cycle, Class A carbon-emitting materials include ordinary cement 42.5 grade (high-performance concrete), ordinary cement 42.5 grade, and ribbed steel bars; Class A carbon-emitting machinery includes axial flow fans, rail-type internal combustion locomotives, and dump trucks; Class A carbon-emitting processes include the lining of shield section, the support of drill-and-blast section, and the support of shield section.
- railway tunnel /
- life cycle /
- carbon emission accounting /
- engineering materialization /
- operation and maintenance

HTML全文

图 1 铁路隧道工程生命周期碳排放核算边界

Figure 1. Boundary of carbon emission accounting in life cycle of railway tunnel engineering

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 分部工程碳排放占比

Figure 2. Proportion of carbon emissions from sub-projects

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 分部工程碳排放帕累托分析

Figure 3. Pareto analysis of carbon emissions from sub-projects

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 材料碳排放帕累托分析

Figure 4. Pareto analysis of carbon emissions from materials

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 机械碳排放帕累托分析

Figure 5. Pareto analysis of carbon emissions from machinery

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 案例工程分阶段碳排放量

Table 1. Carbon emissions of case project by stage

阶段	项目	碳排放/（×10⁴ tCO₂e）
工程物化	材料生产	51.1046
	材料运输	2.5193
	现场施工	5.7801
运营维护	运营阶段	3.6536
	维护阶段	5.0591
	绿地碳汇	-0.0092
生命周期		68.1075

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 不同阶段直接/间接碳排放情况

Table 2. Direct/indirect carbon emissions at different stages

直接/间接排放	工程物化阶段/ （×10⁴ tCO₂e）	运营维护阶段/ （×10⁴ tCO₂e）	生命周期/ （×10⁴ tCO₂e）
直接碳排放	2.7920	0.4269	3.2189
电力间接碳排放	2.9702	4.1472	7.1174
其他间接碳排放	53.6418	4.1293	57.7711
总排放	59.4040	8.7035	68.1075

下载: 导出CSV

表 3 分部工程人材机电碳排放核算结果

Table 3. Accounting results of carbon emissions from labor, materials, machinery, and electricity in sub-projects ×10⁴ tCO₂e

隧道施工工序	人工碳排放	材料碳排放	机械碳排放	电力碳排放	占比/ %
正洞盾构段	0.0966	30.5738	3.9086	0.2265	61.2
正洞钻爆段	0.0484	17.2096	0.9489	0.0346	32.0
明洞	0.0019	0.3622	0.0190	0.0004	0.7
洞门	0.0002	0.0578	0.0025	0.0000	0.1
辅助坑道	0.0163	2.9013	0.4607	0.0156	6.0

下载: 导出CSV

表 4 正洞钻爆段与盾构段碳排放强度对比

Table 4. Comparison of carbon emission intensity between drill-and-blast section and shield section in main tunnel tCO₂e/km

项目	按阶段			按排放源			合计
项目	材料生产	材料运输	现场施工	直接排放	电力间接排放	其他间接排放	合计
正洞钻爆段	12310	575	958	824	135	12884	13843
正洞盾构段	4600	223	687	277	410	4823	5510

下载: 导出CSV

表 5 运营阶段碳排放核算结果

Table 5. Accounting results of carbon emissions in operation phase

系统	项目	总功率/ kW	运行时间/ （×10⁵ h）	碳排放/ （×10⁵ tCO₂e）
通风系统		518.000	2.92	2.3339
照明系统	左线LED	47.450	8.76	0.6414
照明系统	右线LED	47.425	8.76	0.6410
火灾消防系统	火灾报警控制器（联动型）	1.200	8.76	0.0162
	光纤光栅处理器	0.864	8.76	0.0117
	监控计算器	0.700	8.76	0.0095

下载: 导出CSV

表 6 维护阶段碳排放核算结果

Table 6. Accounting results of carbon emissions in maintenance phase ×10⁴ tCO₂e

项目	直接碳排放	电力间接碳排放	其他间接碳排放
通风设施更换	0.011	0.314	0.034
高压线管	0.012	0.179	0.058
防水排水	0.008	0	1.306
明洞	0.017	0.004	0.362
中心水沟沟槽	0	0	0
钢筋混凝土预制管	0.379	0	2.374
合计	0.4281	0.4971	4.1339

下载: 导出CSV

表 7 前15种材料碳排放因子DQI值

Table 7. DQI values of carbon emission factors for top 15 materials

材料种类	可靠性	完整性	时间范围	地理范围	技术范围
普通水泥 42.5 级（高性能混凝土）	1	1	1	1	1
普通水泥 42.5 级	2	2	2	1	1
带肋钢筋（HRB400）φ18-25	1	1	1	1	2
水泥 32.5 级	1	1	2	2	1
EVA防水板 δ= 1.5	1	2	1	1	2
耐寒型输送带 ST2000/1200mm	1	1	1	1	1
钢筋混凝土管承插口 d600	2	1	1	2	1
光圆钢筋（HPB300）φ＜10	2	1	2	1	2
光圆钢筋（HPB300）φ>=10	1	2	2	1	2
定型钢模板	1	2	1	1	1
无缝钢管 D108*6	1	1	1	1	1
带肋钢筋（HRB500）φ18-25	2	2	2	2	1
工字钢 Q235-A	1	2	1	1	1
型钢	2	1	1	1	2
聚羧酸系减水剂	1	1	2	1	1

下载: 导出CSV

参考文献(26)

[1]	鲍学英, 王珂, 刘北胜, 等. 基于XGBoost的铁路客站土建工程物化阶段碳排放预测及关键影响因素研究[J/OL]. 西南交通大学学报, 2025-08-29. https://link.cnki.net/urlid/51.1277.U.20250829.1448.002. Bao Xueying, Wang Ke, Liu Beisheng, et al. Research on carbon emission prediction and key influencing factors in the materialization stage of railway station civil engineering based on XGBoost[J/OL]. Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University, 2025-08-29. https://link.cnki.net/urlid/51.1277.U.20250829.1448.002.
[2]	Zhang Z X, Wang D M, Meng F Q, et al. Navigating Low-Carbon transport in Sichuan Province: a synergistic approach[J]. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 2025, 142: 104687. doi: 10.1016/j.trd.2025.104687
[3]	Ji S H, Zhang Z X, Meng F Q, et al. Scenario simulation and synergistic effect analysis of CO₂ and atmospheric pollutant emission reduction in urban transport sector: a case study of Chengdu, China[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2024, 438: 140841. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2024.140841
[4]	李群湛, 黄小红, 吴波, 等. 电气化铁路绿电利用与零碳贯通供电技术[J/OL]. 西南交通大学学报, 2025-05-19. https://link.cnki.net/urlid/51.1277.u.20250517.1635.002. Li Qunzhan, Huang Xiaohong, Wu Bo, et al. Research on green power utilization and zero-carbon feed-through power supply technology for electrified railways[J/OL]. Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University, 2025-05-19. https://link.cnki.net/urlid/51.1277.u.20250517.1635.002.
[5]	郭文凯, 王果, 闵永智. 计及阶梯式碳交易的牵引供电系统混合储能容量配置[J]. 西南交通大学学报, 2025, 60(3): 550-560. Guo Wenkai, Wang Guo, Min Yongzhi. Hybrid energy storage capacity configuration for traction power supply systems considering ladder-type carbon trading mechanism[J]. Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University, 2025, 60(3): 550-560.
[6]	曾弘锐, 孙文昊, 何卫, 等. 基于机器学习的铁路隧道施工碳排放预测模型研究[J]. 现代隧道技术, 2023, 60(6): 29-39. doi: 10.13807/j.cnki.mtt.2023.06.004 Zeng Hongrui, Sun Wenhao, He Wei, et al. Study on the carbon emission prediction model for railway tunnel construction based on machine learning[J]. Modern Tunnelling Technology, 2023, 60(6): 29-39. doi: 10.13807/j.cnki.mtt.2023.06.004
[7]	吕刚, 刘建友, 于晨昀, 等. 铁路隧道绿色低碳建造技术工程实践与展望[J]. 隧道建设(中英文), 2024, 44(4): 633-642. Lyu Gang, Liu Jianyou, Yu Chenyun, et al. Practice and prospect of green and low-carbon construction technology for railway tunnels[J]. Tunnel Construction, 2024, 44(4): 633-642.
[8]	孙文昊, 郭亚林, 曾弘锐, 等. 铁路隧道工程节能减排技术研究现状及展望[J]. 交通节能与环保, 2024, 20(5): 227-232, 237. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-6478.2024.05.048 Sun Wenhao, Guo Yalin, Zeng Hongrui, et al. Current status and prospects of energy conservation and emission reduction technology in railway tunnel engineering[J]. Transport Energy Conservation & Environmental Protection, 2024, 20(5): 227-232,237. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-6478.2024.05.048
[9]	Ji S H, Wang Y G, He L, et al. Greenhouse gas emission in the whole process of forest fire including rescue: a case of forest fire in Beibei District of Chongqing[J]. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2023, 30(52): 113105-113117. doi: 10.1007/s11356-023-30247-8
[10]	Li Y, He Q, Luo X, et al. Calculation of life-cycle greenhouse gas emissions of urban rail transit systems: a case study of Shanghai Metro[J]. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 2018, 128: 451-457. doi: 10.1016/j.resconrec.2016.03.007
[11]	Kaewunruen S, Sresakoolchai J, Yu S N. Global warming potentials due to railway tunnel construction and maintenance[J]. Applied Sciences, 2020, 10(18): 6459. doi: 10.3390/app10186459
[12]	Hu X D, Zhang X M, Dong L, et al. Carbon emission factors identification and measurement model construction for railway construction projects[J]. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2022, 19(18): 11379. doi: 10.3390/ijerph191811379
[13]	李乔松, 白云, 李林. 盾构隧道建造阶段低碳化影响因子与措施研究[J]. 现代隧道技术, 2015, 52(3): 1-7. doi: 10.13807/j.cnki.mtt.2015.03.001 Li Qiaosong, Bai Yun, Li Lin. Study of influential factors and measures for low carbonization during the construction of shield tunnels[J]. Modern Tunnelling Technology, 2015, 52(3): 1-7. doi: 10.13807/j.cnki.mtt.2015.03.001
[14]	鲍学英, 廖程涵, 李子龙, 等. 铁路隧道物化阶段碳排放核算方法及管理路径研究[J]. 隧道建设(中英文), 2025, 45(2): 284-294. doi: 10.3973/j.issn.2096-4498.2025.02.004 Bao Xueying, Liao Chenghan, Li Zilong, et al. Carbon emission accounting methods and management paths in embodied stage of railway tunnels[J]. Tunnel Construction, 2025, 45(2): 284-294. doi: 10.3973/j.issn.2096-4498.2025.02.004
[15]	王一鹏, 王锦. 铁路隧道钻爆法与盾构法施工碳排放强度分析[J]. 铁路节能环保与安全卫生, 2024, 14(3): 24-30. doi: 10.16374/j.cnki.issn2095-1671.2024.0026 Wang Yipeng, Wang Jin. Carbon emission intensity analysis of railway tunnel drilling and blasting method and shield tunneling method construction[J]. Railway Energy Saving & Environmental Protection & Occupational Safety and Health, 2024, 14(3): 24-30. doi: 10.16374/j.cnki.issn2095-1671.2024.0026
[16]	陈进杰, 王兴举, 王祥琴, 等. 高速铁路全生命周期碳排放计算[J]. 铁道学报, 2016, 38(12): 47-55. Chen Jinjie, Wang Xingju, Wang Xiangqin, et al. Calculation of carbon dioxide emissions in the life cycle of high-speed railway[J]. Journal of the China Railway Society, 2016, 38(12): 47-55.
[17]	杜建明, 高修强, 房倩, 等. 气动荷载作用下高速铁路隧道衬砌结构的疲劳累积损伤及残余寿命计算方法[J]. 中国铁道科学, 2021, 42(5): 94-102. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-4632.2021.05.11 Du Jianming, Gao Xiuqiang, Fang Qian, et al. Calculation method for cumulative fatigue damage and residual life of lining structure of high-speed railway tunnel under aerodynamic load[J]. China Railway Science, 2021, 42(5): 94-102. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-4632.2021.05.11
[18]	郭亚林, 郭春. 铁路隧道施工期碳排放计算模型研究[J]. 交通节能与环保, 2021, 17(6): 5-9. Guo Yalin, Guo Chun. Calculation model of life cycle carbon emissions of railway tunnel[J]. Transport Energy Conservation & Environmental Protection, 2021, 17(6): 5-9.
[19]	陈飞, 翁辉, 高硕晗, 等. 隧道工程建设碳排放特征与减碳潜力分析[J]. 公路工程, 2024, 49(3): 186-194. doi: 10.19782/j.cnki.1674-0610.2024.03.025 Chen Fei, Weng Hui, Gao Shuohan, et al. Research on carbon emission characteristics and reduction potentials of tunnel construction[J]. Highway Engineering, 2024, 49(3): 186-194. doi: 10.19782/j.cnki.1674-0610.2024.03.025
[20]	Sun H W, Park Y. CO₂ emission calculation method during construction process for developing BIM-based performance evaluation system[J]. Applied Sciences, 2020, 10(16): 5587. doi: 10.3390/app10165587
[21]	靳春玲, 安祥, 贡力, 等. 基于G2-CRITIC-UMT模型的铁路隧道低碳施工评价研究[J]. 铁道标准设计, 2025, 69(1): 139-146. doi: 10.13238/j.issn.1004-2954.202305100002 Jin Chunling, An Xiang, Gong Li, et al. Research on low-carbon construction evaluation of railway tunnels based on G2-CRITIC-UMT model[J]. Railway Standard Design, 2025, 69(1): 139-146. doi: 10.13238/j.issn.1004-2954.202305100002
[22]	齐梦学, 曾绍毅, 杨庆辉, 等. 铁路隧道TBM施工物料运输方式对比分析[J]. 隧道建设(中英文), 2024, 44(5): 1077-1085. doi: 10.3973/j.issn.2096-4498.2024.05.015 Qi Mengxue, Zeng Shaoyi, Yang Qinghui, et al. Comparative analysis of material transport methods for railway tunnels constructed with hard rock tunnel boring machines[J]. Tunnel Construction, 2024, 44(5): 1077-1085. doi: 10.3973/j.issn.2096-4498.2024.05.015
[23]	鲍学英, 许锟. 考虑碳排放的铁路隧道施工机械配置优化模型[J]. 铁道学报, 2020, 42(9): 157-164. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-8360.2020.09.020 Bao Xueying, Xu Kun. Optimization model of deployment of railway tunnel construction machinery considering carbon emission[J]. Journal of the China Railway Society, 2020, 42(9): 157-164. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-8360.2020.09.020
[24]	Guo C, Xu J F, Yang L, et al. Life cycle evaluation of greenhouse gas emissions of a highway tunnel: a case study in China[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2019, 211: 972-980. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.11.249
[25]	王祺, 王晓斌, 卢晓东, 等. 铁路隧道养维护作业空气环境综合整治技术研究[J]. 铁路节能环保与安全卫生, 2022, 12(3): 48-54. Wang Qi, Wang Xiaobin, Lu Xiaodong, et al. Study on comprehensive improvement technology of air environment in railway tunnel maintenance operation[J]. Railway Energy Saving & Environmental Protection & Occupational Safety and Health, 2022, 12(3): 48-54.
[26]	郭亚林, 孙文昊, 许洪伟, 等. 地铁隧道盾构及钻爆法施工碳排放强度对比[J]. 现代隧道技术, 2023, 60(3): 14-23, 64. doi: 10.13807/j.cnki.mtt.2023.03.002 Guo Yalin, Sun Wenhao, Xu Hongwei, et al. Comparison between shield method and drill and blast method regarding carbon emission intensity in subway tunnel construction[J]. Modern Tunnelling Technology, 2023, 60(3): 14-23,64. doi: 10.13807/j.cnki.mtt.2023.03.002