Dynamic Characteristics of TBM Main Bearing under Coupled Excitation of Manufacturing Errors and Local Defects
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摘要:
主轴承是隧道掘进机（TBM）主驱动系统的核心传动部件，局部缺陷和表面制造误差的存在将诱发主轴承的异常振动. 针对二者耦合激励下的动力学建模难题，基于Gupta轴承动力学模型，通过引入制造误差激励函数，提出一种综合考虑制造误差与局部缺陷耦合激励的TBM主轴承多故障动力学模型，并通过试验验证模型的有效性. 在此基础上，探索局部缺陷与制造误差对主轴承滚子-滚道接触载荷的影响规律，揭示二者耦合激励对主轴承振动特性的作用机理，分析主轴振动特性对局部缺陷宽度和深度变化的敏感性. 结果表明：表面制造误差改变了局部缺陷的振动激励模式，在低频区间内出现若干随机成分，使得主轴承振动特征更为复杂；随着局部缺陷宽度的增大，主轴承整体振动水平先缓慢增大，当缺陷宽度增至滚子接触区临界尺寸后，其振动水平先开始有所下降，而后又开始缓慢增大；局部缺陷深度对主轴承振动特性的影响较微弱，其振动水平仅随深度的增大缓慢加剧，但整体变化不大. 该研究为TBM主轴承的故障识别提供了理论依据.
Abstract:The main bearing is a critical power transmission component in the main drive system of a tunnel boring machine (TBM). The presence of local defects and surface manufacturing errors induces abnormal vibration in the main bearing. To address the challenges of dynamic modeling under the coupled excitation of these two factors, a multi-fault dynamic model for the TBM main bearing was proposed by incorporating a manufacturing error excitation function into the Gupta bearing dynamic model. This model comprehensively considers the coupled excitation of manufacturing errors and local defects. The validity of the model was verified through experimental results. Building upon this, the effects of local defects and manufacturing errors on the roller-raceway contact load of the main bearing were explored. The mechanism by which their coupled excitation affects the vibration characteristics of the main bearing was revealed, and the sensitivity of the main bearing vibration characteristics to changes in local defect width and depth was analyzed. The results indicate that surface manufacturing errors alter the vibration excitation pattern of local defects, introducing several random components in the low-frequency range, thus complicating the vibration characteristics of the main bearing. As the local defect width increases, the overall main bearing vibration level initially rises gradually. When the defect width reaches the critical dimension of the roller contact area, the vibration level decreases slightly before gradually increasing again. The influence of local defect depth on the main bearing vibration characteristics is relatively weak. The vibration level only increases slowly as the depth grows, but the overall change is minimal. The findings provide a theoretical basis for fault identification in TBM main bearings.
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Key words:
- TBM main bearing /
- dynamic modeling /
- local defect /
- manufacturing error
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图 6 滚道缺陷加速度包络谱的试验与仿真结果
Figure 6. Experimental and simulated acceleration envelope spectra for raceway defect
图 7 不同载荷工况下加速度包络谱
Figure 7. Acceleration envelope spectra under different loading conditions
表 1 测试轴承参数信息
Table 1. Parameters of tested bearing
参数 值 内径/mm 150 内圈外径/mm 214 外齿节圆直径/mm 360 齿顶圆直径/mm 368 滚子直径/mm 5 滚子长度/mm 8 主推滚子节圆直径/mm 199 主推滚子数量 70 反推滚子数量 70 径向滚子数量 116 
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