超高强度钢CP780冷冲压成形摩擦行为研究

李炜; 孙天宇; 冯远康; 靳阳; 胡晓; 樊华

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0258-2724.20250250

超高强度钢CP780冷冲压成形摩擦行为研究

doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-2724.20250250

李炜^1,,
孙天宇¹,
冯远康¹,
靳阳^{1, 2},
胡晓^2, ,,
樊华³

1.
西南交通大学材料先进技术教育部重点实验室，四川成都 610031
2.
攀钢集团研究院有限公司，四川攀枝花 617000
3.
攀钢集团西昌钢钒有限公司，四川西昌 615000

基金项目: 四川省攀西试验区重大科技攻关项目（第六批项目）

详细信息

作者简介:
李炜（1969—），女，教授，博士，研究方向为材料表面工程，E-mail：liweijiani@home.swjtu.edu.cn

通讯作者:
胡晓（1990—），男，高级工程师，研究方向为金属塑性成形与材料本构模型，E-mail：yjyhuxiao@pzhsteel.com.cn

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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-05-08
- 修回日期: 2025-07-07
- 网络出版日期: 2026-03-14

Study on Friction Behavior of Ultra-High Strength Steel CP780 in Cold Stamping and Forming

LI Wei^1
,,
SUN Tianyu¹,
FENG Yuankang¹,
JIN Yang^{1, 2},
HU Xiao^{2
, ,},
FAN Hua³

1.
Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
2.
Pangang Group Research Institute Co., Ltd., Panzhihua 617000, China
3.
Xichang Steel and Vanadium Co., Ltd., Pangang Group, Xichang 615000, China

摘要

摘要:
针对传统摩擦模型在预测超高强度钢成形过程数值模拟精度较低问题，本文基于自主研发的超高强度钢冲压摩擦试验机，研究滑动速度和法向载荷对CP780超高强度钢摩擦行为的影响；建立滑动速度与法向载荷相关的超高强度钢冲压成形动态摩擦系数模型；通过U形弯曲试验与仿真模拟相结合验证模型的有效性. 研究结果表明：CP780板料摩擦系数其随着滑动速度的增大而增大，随着载荷的增大而减小；在低载低速条件下，CP780板料的磨损机制主要为犁削效应；在高速高载条件下，其磨损机制主要为犁削效应和部分黏着效应；通过U形弯曲试验的回弹测试值与数值模拟结果比较得到，动态摩擦模型预测的回弹角α误差为1.509%，回弹角β误差为0.348%；而传统恒定摩擦系数回弹角α的误差最高达到了12.483%，回弹角β误差最高达到了4.994%. 本文建立的动态摩擦模型在回弹角度预测方面更为精准，能够大大提高成形件数值模拟的精度.
- 超高强度钢 /
- 冲压成形 /
- 摩擦磨损 /
- 摩擦模型 /
- 数值模拟 /
- U形弯曲
Abstract:
To address the low accuracy of numerical simulation in traditional friction models during the prediction of the forming process of ultra-high strength steel, the influence of sliding speed and normal load on the friction behavior of ultra-high strength steel CP780 was investigated using a stamping friction testing machine of self-developed ultra-high strength steel. A dynamic friction coefficient model related to sliding speed and normal load for ultra-high strength steel stamping and forming was established, and the proposed model was verified by integrating U-bending experiments with numerical simulations. Research findings indicate that the friction coefficient of CP780 sheet materials increases with increasing sliding speed and decreases with increasing load. Under conditions of low load and low speed, the wear mechanism of CP780 sheet materials is primarily dominated by ploughing effects; under conditions of high speed and high load, the wear mechanism involves both ploughing effects and partial adhesive effects. A comparison of rebound test values from U-bending experiments with numerical simulation results reveals that the error in the rebound angle α predicted by the dynamic friction model is 1.509%, and the error in the predicted rebound angle β is 0.348%. In contrast, the error in the rebound angle α predicted by the traditional constant friction coefficient model is as high as 12.483%, and the error in the predicted rebound angle β is as high as 4.994%. The dynamic friction model developed in this study demonstrates greater precision in predicting rebound angles and significantly enhances the accuracy of numerical simulations for formed parts.
- ultra-high strength steel /
- stamping and forming /
- friction and wear /
- friction model /
- numerical simulation /
- U-bending

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图 1 摩擦副试样

Figure 1. Friction pair specimens

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图 2 冲压摩擦试验机

Figure 2. Stamping friction testing machine

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图 3 U形件冲压弯曲试验

Figure 3. Stamping and bending test of U-shaped parts

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图 4 CP780板料摩擦系数变化

Figure 4. Changes in friction coefficient of CP780 sheet materials

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图 5 CP780在滑动速度50 mm/s下的典型表面形貌

Figure 5. Typical surface morphology of CP780 at a sliding speed of 50 mm/s

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图 6 CP780在法向载荷320 MPa下的典型表面形貌

Figure 6. Typical surface morphology of CP780 under normal load of 320 MPa

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图 7 不同参数下磨痕表面三维形貌

Figure 7. 3D morphology of wear marks under different parameters

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图 8 反函数模型拟合曲线

Figure 8. Fitting curves of inverse function model

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图 9 参数m关于滑动速度的拟合曲线

Figure 9. Fitting curve of parameter m with respect to sliding speed

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图 10 参数n关于滑动速度的拟合曲线

Figure 10. Fitting curve of parameter n with respect to sliding speed

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图 11 三维模型装配图

Figure 11. Assembly of 3D model

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图 12 回弹角测量示意

Figure 12. Rebound angle measurement

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图 13 不同摩擦系数的回弹预测有限元模拟结果

Figure 13. Finite element simulation results of rebound prediction with different friction coefficients

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表 1 试验参数

Table 1. Experimental parameters

材料	速度/（mm·s⁻¹）	载荷/MPa
CP780	10	200
	30	260
	50	320
	70	380
	90	440

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表 2 不同工艺参数下的表面粗糙度

Table 2. Surface roughness under different process parameters

载荷/MPa	速度/（mm·s⁻¹）	S_a/µm	S_a方差/±	S_z/µm	S_z方差/±
440	10	0.806	0.056	14.07	2.354
440	90	0.895	0.062	27.62	1.462
200	50	1.087	0.102	27.01	2.154
440	50	0.828	0.023	23.01	1.765

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表 3 反函数模型拟合结果

Table 3. Fitting results of inverse function model

速度/（mm·s⁻¹）	m	n	k	拟合优度
10	−0.97681	0.01725	0.138	0.999
30	−0.92321	0.01412	0.138	0.981
50	−0.83718	0.01027	0.138	0.998
70	−0.78548	0.00826	0.138	0.978
90	−0.73503	0.00673	0.138	0.994

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表 4 预测值与测量值之间的误差

Table 4. Error between predicted and measured values

编号	载荷/MPa	速度/（mm·s⁻¹）	µ_Exp	µ_Fit	误差/%
1	300	20	0.1138	0.1124	−1.26
2	300	40	0.1169	0.1182	1.08
3	300	60	0.1194	0.1207	1.04
4	250	30	0.1172	0.1181	0.72
5	300	30	0.1155	0.1159	0.3
6	350	30	0.1135	0.1141	0.52
注：µ_Exp为平板滑动摩擦试验的摩擦系数试验值；µ_Fit为动态摩擦模型的拟合值.

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表 5 不同摩擦系数下的回弹角预测误差

Table 5. Prediction errors of rebound angle at different friction coefficients

压边力/kN	摩擦系数	α/（°）	α的误差/%	β/（°）	β的误差/%
50	试验值	71.8	0	86.1	0
	动态模型	72.9	1.509	86.4	0.348
	0.05	80.9	12.483	90.4	4.994
	0.15	77.6	8.078	88.5	2.787
	0.3	75.5	5.153	83.8	2.671

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