Energy Storage-Based Co-Phase Power Supply System Considering Photovoltaic Integration and Its Cooperative Control Strategy
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摘要:
为促进电气化铁路节能减排、绿色低碳化发展，首先提出光伏接入储能式同相供电系统的两种技术方案；接着，分析系统运行工况，并制定负序补偿原则；在此基础上，依据光伏发电出力和锂电池荷电状态（SOC），以实现负荷削峰填谷和能源高效利用为控制目标，构建双层协调控制策略，其中，上层负责能量管理与负序控制，下层则实时控制变流器运行；最后，通过案例分析，在综合考虑负荷所处牵引和再生工况下的负荷大小、光辐照度和锂电池充放电等多维因素的情况下，对弃光、充放电和负序补偿进行控制. 结果表明：该系统在不同工况下均表现出良好的适应性和稳定性，所提控制策略的正确性和有效性得到验证；光伏接入方案取消50%电分相，实现负序可控，促进多能融合与互补，推动光伏就地就近消纳，缓和牵引负荷的剧烈波动.
Abstract:To promote energy conservation and emission reduction, as well as green and low-carbon development of electrified railways, two technical schemes for a photovoltaic-integrated energy storage-based co-phase power supply system were first proposed. Then, the operating conditions of the system were analyzed, and the negative sequence compensation principle was formulated. On this basis, according to the photovoltaic power generation output and lithium battery state of charge (SOC), a two-layer cooperative control strategy was constructed with the control objectives of achieving load peak shaving and valley filling and efficient energy utilization. The upper layer was responsible for energy management and negative sequence control, while the lower layer controlled the converter operation in real time. Finally, through case analysis, the curtailment of photovoltaic generation, charging and discharging, and negative sequence compensation were controlled under comprehensive consideration of multi-dimensional factors, such as load magnitude under traction and regeneration conditions, solar irradiance, and lithium battery charging and discharging. The results indicate that the system exhibits good adaptability and stability under different operating conditions, and the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed control strategy are verified. The photovoltaic integration scheme eliminates 50% of electrical phase separations, realizes controllable negative sequence, promotes multi-energy integration and complementarity, facilitates local and nearby consumption of photovoltaics, and mitigates severe fluctuations of traction load.
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图 1 光伏接入储能式同相供电系统方案
Figure 1. Scheme of photovoltaic-integrated energy storage-based co-phase power supply system
图 6 牵引工况同相供电系统电压电流
Figure 6. Voltage and current of co-phase power supply system under traction condition
图 7 牵引工况光伏发电波形
Figure 7. Waveform of photovoltaic power generation under traction condition
图 8 牵引工况锂电池充放电波形
Figure 8. Waveforms of lithium battery charging and discharging under traction condition
图 9 再生工况系统功率出力波形
Figure 9. Waveform of system power output under regeneration condition
表 1 系统运行工况
Table 1. System operating conditions
负荷
状态运行
方式负荷关系 功率流向 再生 M1 s<−$ {{S}}_{\mathrm{B}} $ 锂电充电 + 反馈电网 M2 −$ {{S}}_{\mathrm{B}} $≤s≤0 光伏发电 + 锂电充电 牵引 M3 0≤s<$ {{S}}_{\mathrm{G}} $ 光伏发电 + 锂电充电 M4 $ {{S}}_{\mathrm{G}} $≤s<$ {{S}}_{\mathrm{G}} $ + $ {{S}}_{\mathrm{B}} $ 光伏发电 + 锂电放电 M5 s≥$ {{S}}_{\mathrm{G}} $ + $ {{S}}_{\mathrm{B}} $
光伏发电 + 锂电放电 + 电网取电
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表 2 变流器容量配置
Table 2. Converter capacity configuration
运行方式 直流侧接入变流器容量配置 交流侧接入变流器容量配置 ADC1 ADC2 ADC1 ADC2 ADC3 M1 $ {|s| + {s}_{\mathrm{B}}-{\mathrm{S}}_{{\text{ε}} }}/{2} $ $ {|s|-{s}_{\mathrm{B}}-{\mathrm{S}}_{{\text{ε}} }}/{2} $ $ {|s| + {s}_{\mathrm{B}}-{\mathrm{S}}_{{\text{ε}} }}/{2} $ $ {|s|-{s}_{\mathrm{B}}-{\mathrm{S}}_{{\text{ε}} }}/{2} $ 0 M2 |$ s| $ 0 $ {s}_{\mathrm{B}} $ 0 $ {s}_{\mathrm{G}} $ M3 $ s $ 0 $ {s}_{\mathrm{B}} $ 0 $ {s}_{\mathrm{G}} $ M4 $ s $ 0 $ s-{s}_{\mathrm{G}} $ 0 $ {s}_{\mathrm{G}} $ M5 $ {s + {s}_{\mathrm{G}} + {s}_{\mathrm{B}}-{\mathrm{S}}_{{\text{ε}} }}/{2} $ $ {s-{s}_{\mathrm{G}}-{s}_{\mathrm{B}}-{\mathrm{S}}_{{\text{ε}} }}/{2} $ $ {s-{s}_{\mathrm{G}} + {s}_{\mathrm{B}}-{\mathrm{S}}_{{\text{ε}} }}/{2} $ $ {s-{s}_{\mathrm{G}}-{s}_{\mathrm{B}}-{\mathrm{S}}_{{\text{ε}} }}/{2} $ $ {s}_{\mathrm{G}} $
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表 3 上层控制功率分配
Table 3. Power allocation of upper layer control
工况 光伏 储能 M1 0 $ {s}_{\mathrm{B}}{f}_{\text{soc}} $ M2 min{$ {s}_{\mathrm{B}} $, |s| + $ {s}_{\mathrm{G}} $}−|s|$fSOC −min{$ {s}_{\mathrm{B}} $, |s| + $ {s}_{\mathrm{G}} $} $fsoc$ M3 s + min {$ {s}_{\mathrm{B}} $, $ {s}_{\mathrm{G}} $−s}$fSOC −min {$ {s}_{\mathrm{B}} $, $ {s}_{\mathrm{G}}-s $}$fsoc M4 $ {s}_{\mathrm{G}} $ $ ({s-s}_{\mathrm{G}}) {f}_{\text{soc}} $ M5 $ {s}_{\mathrm{G}} $ $ {s}_{\mathrm{G}} {f}_{\text{soc}} $
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表 4 系统仿真参数
Table 4. System simulation parameters
名称 参数 MT1、MT2变比 10∶1 电感/mH 0.6 系统频率/Hz 50 直流侧电压/Udc/V 3000 直流侧电容/C/uF 8000 直流侧滤波电感/mH 0.42 直流侧滤波电容/uF 1500
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表 5 光伏仿真参数
Table 5. Photovoltaic simulation parameters
名称 参数 PV 模块 SunPower SPR-315E-WHT-D 并联数目/个 224 串联数目/个 30 最大辐照度 /（W·m−2） 1000 最高温度/℃ 45
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