高速磁浮铁路线形设计方法研究综述

高岩; 刘高志; 洪英杰; 罗世辉; 王平; 何庆

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0258-2724.20250180

高速磁浮铁路线形设计方法研究综述

doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-2724.20250180

高岩^{1, 2,},
刘高志^{1, 2},
洪英杰^{1, 2},
罗世辉³,
王平^{1, 2},
何庆^{1, 2, ,}

1.
西南交通大学土木工程学院，四川成都 610031
2.
西南交通大学高速铁路线路工程教育部重点实验室，四川成都 610031
3.
西南交通大学轨道交通运载系统全国重点实验室，四川成都 610031

基金项目: 四川省科技计划资助项目（2025ZNSFSC1317）；国家自然科学基金项目（52372400）；中央高校基本科研业务费-科技创新项目（2682025CX043）

详细信息

作者简介:
高岩（1987— ），女，助理研究员，研究方向为交通基础设施规划与设计，E-mail：yangao@my.swjtu.edu.cn

通讯作者:
何庆（1982— ），男，教授，研究方向为交通基础设施设计规划与智能运维，E-mail：qhe@swjtu.edu.cn

中图分类号: U237
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- 文章访问数: 37
- HTML全文浏览量: 15
- PDF下载量: 25
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-04-15
- 修回日期: 2025-06-03
- 网络出版日期: 2025-12-01

A Review of Alignment Design Methodology for High-Speed Maglev Railways

GAO Yan^{1, 2
,},
LIU Gaozhi^{1, 2},
HONG Yingjie^{1, 2},
LUO Shihui³,
WANG Ping^{1, 2},
HE Qing^{1, 2
, ,}

1.
School of Civil Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
2.
Key Laboratory of High-Speed Railway Engineering, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 610031, China
3.
State Key Laboratory of Rail Transit Vehicle System, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China

摘要

摘要:
高速磁浮铁路作为未来高速陆地交通的战略方向，其空间线形设计对系统性能与安全具有决定性影响. 本文综述了高速磁浮铁路空间线形设计的最新研究进展，首先梳理高速磁浮线路发展历史，涵盖日本磁浮试验线、德国Transrapid系统、中国高速磁浮工程实践（如同济大学嘉定校区、青岛四方、上海机场、西南交大九里等试验线）以及在建及规划中的线路；然后，从空间线形对悬浮导向的耦合作用、线形参数对动力学响应的影响，以及气动效应对线形制式的约束角度，分析高速磁浮铁路空间线形对列车稳定性的影响；其次，系统阐述空间线形的定义和组成，以及平面、纵面线形参数计算与选取，平纵组合线形和道岔线形研究；同时，指出当前研究面临的瓶颈，如多物理场耦合建模与仿真效率挑战、线形参数标准与动态性能关联缺失、试验线设计理论与工况覆盖局限、全局优化与安全阈值量化难题、选线设计智能化水平不足、复杂耦合约束协调难、选线设计多目标优化方法不完善、环境影响评估与选线协调性不足等；最后对7个需要深化研究的方向进行了展望，以推动高速磁浮铁路空间线形设计理论体系的创新与完善.
- 高速磁浮铁路 /
- 线路设计理论 /
- 空间线形计算 /
- 动力学模型 /
- 工程案例分析
Abstract:
As a strategic direction for future high-speed land transportation, the spatial alignment design of high-speed maglev railways has a decisive impact on system performance and safety. The latest research advances in spatial alignment design of high-speed maglev railways were reviewed. First, the development history of high-speed maglev lines was summarized, including Japan’s maglev test lines, Germany’s Transrapid system, China’s high-speed maglev engineering practices (e.g., test lines at Jiading Campus of Tongji University, Qingdao Sifang Company, Shanghai Airport, and Jiuli Campus of Southwest Jiaotong University), as well as ongoing and planned lines. Subsequently, the influence of spatial alignment of high-speed maglev railways on train stability was analyzed from three perspectives: the coupling effects of spatial alignment on levitation and guidance, the dynamic response mechanisms governed by alignment parameters, and the aerodynamic constraints on alignment configurations. Furthermore, the definition and composition of spatial alignment design were systematically elaborated, covering calculation and selection criteria for horizontal and vertical alignment parameters, combined horizontal and vertical alignment optimization, and turnout alignment studies. Current research bottlenecks were identified, such as inefficiencies in multi-physics coupling modeling and simulation efficiency, insufficient correlation between alignment parameter standards and dynamic performance, limitations in test line design theories and scenario coverage, challenges in global optimization and safety threshold quantification, low intelligence in alignment selection, difficulties in coordinating complex coupling constraints, immature multi-objective optimization methods for alignment selection and design, and inadequate integration of environmental impact assessment with alignment design. Finally, seven directions for in-depth studies were pointed out to advance the innovation and refinement of spatial alignment design theories for high-speed maglev railways.
- high-speed maglev railway /
- railway alignment design theory /
- spatial alignment calculation /
- dynamic model /
- engineering case analysis

HTML全文

图 1 山梨试验线

Figure 1. Yamanashi test line

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图 2 磁悬浮中央新干线路线图（图/港媒）

Figure 2. Roadmap of Maglev Central Shinkansen （Photo/Hong Kong Media）

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图 3 德国埃姆斯兰试验线^[12]

Figure 3. German Emsland test line ^[12]

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图 4 同济大学嘉定校区的高速磁浮试验线

Figure 4. High-speed maglev test line at Jiading Campus of Tongji University

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图 5 青岛四方高速磁浮试验线

Figure 5. High-speed maglev test line of Qingdao Sifang Company

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图 6 上海机场磁浮示范线

Figure 6. Maglev demonstration line of Shanghai Airport

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图 7 高温超导钉扎悬浮环形试验线

Figure 7. High-temperature superconducting pinned maglev ring test line

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图 8 西南交通大学九里高温超导高速磁浮试验车

Figure 8. High-temperature superconducting high-speed maglev test vehicle at Jiuli Campus of Southwest Jiaotong University

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图 9 超高速低真空管道磁浮铁路全尺寸试验平台^[22]

Figure 9. Full-scale test platform for ultra-high speed and low-vacuum pipeline maglev railway ^[22]

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图 10 轮轨铁路和常导磁浮交通车辆与轨道作用关系比较

Figure 10. Comparison of interaction between wheel-rail railway and normally guided maglev vehicle and track

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图 11 磁浮线路几何参数与动力学响应关联示意

Figure 11. Correlation between geometric parameters and dynamic response of maglev line

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图 12 不同线间距车身周围流场作用强度以速度和压力表征^[47]

Figure 12. Intensity of flow field around car body with different line spacing characterized by speed and pressure ^[47]

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图 13 曲线地段列车运行平面

Figure 13. Train running plane in curved section

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图 14 高速磁浮列车受力示意图y轴方向

Figure 14. Force of high-speed maglev train along y axis

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图 15 高速磁悬浮在不同半径下车体横向加速度峰值和 Sperling 值^[66]

Figure 15. Peak value and Sperling value of lateral acceleration of high-speed maglev car body under different radii ^[66]

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图 16 列车受力示意z轴方向

Figure 16. Force of high-speed maglev train along z axis

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图 17 TR08型不同编组不同速度对应临界纵坡^[71]

Figure 17. Critical longitudinal slope of TR08 type with different marshalling and speeds ^[71]

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图 18 岔线形示意^[75]

Figure 18. Turnout alignment

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图 19 高速磁浮线形参数研究图

Figure 19. Research diagram of alignment parameters of high-speed maglev

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表 1 中国高速磁浮交通系统

Table 1. High-speed maglev transportation system of China

名称	制式	年份	设计（实验）速度/（km·h⁻¹）	总长/m
上海磁悬浮列车	常导电磁悬浮	2006（商业运营）	430	29000
同济大学嘉定校区试验线	常导电磁悬浮	2020（建成通车）	600	1500
青岛四方高速磁浮试验线	常导电磁悬浮	2021（建成通车）	600	665
西南交大高温超导悬浮试验平台	高温超导高速磁浮	2013（建成通车）	50	45
西南交通大学高温超导高速磁浮试验车	高温超导高速磁浮	2021（建成通车）	620
沪杭高速磁浮	常导电磁悬浮	规划设计中	600
广深高速磁浮	常导电磁悬浮	规划设计中	600

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