Noise Reduction Performance of 3D Printed Special-Shaped Noise Barriers for High-Speed Railways
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摘要:
为研究3D打印高速铁路异形声屏障的降噪性能，采用三维建模软件构建声屏障几何模型，并建立三声源模式下的高速铁路异形声屏障降噪模型；基于声学间接边界元法，通过对比不同波距、波高和屏障高度下异形声屏障的降噪效果、声场分布、频谱特性及插入损失特性等，得到异形声屏障的最优设计参数；对比分析不同屏障-线路中心距离、列车速度对异形声屏障降噪效果的影响. 研究结果表明：异形声屏障对中远场点和声影区的场点及630 Hz以上的中高频噪声表现出显著降噪优势；与直立式声屏障相比，在优选波距3.2～4.0 m内可获得额外降噪增益，附加降噪效果可达1.7 dB（A）；在波距一定的情况下，随着波高的增大，异形声屏障的降噪效果增强，最大能达到15～17 dB（A），异形声屏障取波距4 m、波高600 mm时附加插入损失达1.8 dB（A）；异形声屏障高度增加1 m，4个标准场点的声压级降低1.6～4.8 dB（A），空间上主要作用于近屏障区域的5～10 m范围及高频截止区，附加降噪量沿该区域向两侧衰减；在3～4 m内，屏障-线路中心距离对异形声屏障降噪水平影响较小，推荐该参数取值为3.4～3.6 m；列车速度提升，异形声屏障插入损失降低，列车速度由300 km/h提升到340 km/h，不同工况下场点插入损失分别降低0.17～0.34 dB（A）和0.55～0.63 dB（A）.
Abstract:To study the noise reduction performance of 3D printed special-shaped noise barrier for high-speed railways, the geometric models of the noise barrier were established by using three-dimensional modeling software, and the noise reduction model of a special-shaped noise barrier for high-speed railways under three sound source modes was established. Based on the acoustic indirect boundary element method, the optimal design parameters of a special-shaped noise barrier were obtained by comparing the noise reduction effect, sound field distribution, spectrum characters, and insertion loss characteristics of the special-shaped noise barrier under different wave distances, wave heights, and barrier heights. The effects of different barrier-line center distances and train speeds on the noise reduction effect of a special-shaped noise barrier were compared and analyzed. The results show that the special-shaped noise barrier has a significant noise reduction advantage for the middle and far field points, the field points in the sound shadow area, and the middle and high frequency noise above 630 Hz. Compared with that of the vertical noise barrier, the additional noise reduction gain of the special-shaped noise barrier can be obtained when the optimized wave distance is in the range of 3.2–4.0 m, and the additional noise reduction effect can reach 1.7 dB (A). In the case of a certain wave distance, with the increase of wave height, the noise reduction effect of the special-shaped noise barrier is enhanced, and the maximum can reach 15–17 dB (A). The additional insertion loss of the special-shaped noise barrier is 1.8 dB (A) when the wave distance is 4 m, and the wave height is 600 mm. When the special-shaped noise barrier height increases by 1 m, the sound pressure level of the four standard field points decreases by 1.6–4.8 dB (A), which mainly acts on the range of 5–10 m near the barrier area and the high frequency cut-off area in space. The additional noise reduction is attenuated from the area to both sides. In the range of 3–4 m, the barrier-line center distance has little effect on the noise reduction level of the special-shaped noise barrier, and the recommended value of the parameter is 3.4–3.6 m. As the train speed increases, the insertion loss of the special-shaped noise barrier decreases. When the train speed is increased from 300 km/h to 340 km/h, the insertion loss of the field point under different working conditions is reduced by 0.17–0.34 dB (A) and 0.55–0.63 dB (A), respectively.
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图 3 高速铁路噪声测点布置（单位：m）
Figure 3. Arrangement of noise measuring points of high-speed railway (unti: m)
图 7 不同波距下场点（M4）声压级
Figure 7. Sound pressure levels of field point （M4） under different wave distances
图 8 不同波距下场点总声压级
Figure 8. Total sound pressure levels of field point under different wave distances
图 9 不同波高下异形声屏障的插入损失与直立式声屏障对比
Figure 9. Comparison of insertion loss between special-shaped noise barrier and vertical noise barrier under different wave heights
图 10 不同工况下异形声屏障总声压级对比
Figure 10. Comparison of total sound pressure level of special-shaped noise barrier under different working conditions
图 11 异形声屏障场点插入损失分布
Figure 11. Distribution of field point insertion loss of special-shaped noise barrier
图 12 场点声压级与异形声屏障高度的关系
Figure 12. Relationship between sound pressure level of field point and special-shaped noise barrier height
图 13 异形声屏障高度对场点频谱特性的影响
Figure 13. Influence of special-shaped noise barrier height on spectrum character of field point
图 14 不同异形声屏障高度对场点M4插入损失的影响
Figure 14. Influence of different special-shaped noise barrier heights on insertion loss of field point M4
图 15 异形声屏障高度对场点声压级的影响
Figure 15. Influence of special-shaped noise barrier height on sound pressure level of field point
图 17 场点声压级与屏障-线路中心距离的关系
Figure 17. Relationship between sound pressure level of field point and barrier-line center distance
图 18 场点M4声压级与屏障-线路中心距离的关系
Figure 18. Relationship between sound pressure level of field point M4 and barrier-line center distance
表 1 工况参数表
Table 1. Working condition parameters
工况 波高/mm 波距/m 速度/（km•h−1） 1 0 ∞ 300 2 400 2.4 300 3 400 3.2 300 4 400 4.0 300 5 400 4.8 300 6 200 3.2 300 7 600 3.2 300 8 200 4.0 300 9 400 4.0 300 10 600 4.0 300 11 0 ∞ 340 12 200 3.2 340 13 400 3.2 340 14 600 3.2 340 
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