Numerical Simulation of Propagation Characteristics for Three-Dimensional Landslide Surges and Its Force on Square Pier
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摘要:
为研究三维滑坡涌浪传播特性及方墩涌浪力作用机理，基于Flow-3D的GMO（general moving objects model）模块建立滑坡体-水体-方墩流固耦合作用的三维数值模型. 首先，以某库区连续刚构桥桥址区为研究背景，数值模拟潜在滑坡体入水激起涌浪并传播的过程，从时域、频域角度探究滑坡涌浪传播特性；其次，以该桥的主墩、边墩为研究对象，数值分析了不同尺寸方墩涌浪力特性；最后，基于Morison方程提出方墩涌浪力的简化算法，并与谐波叠加法的估算结果进行对比. 研究表明：滑坡涌浪在传播过程中首浪波高沿程降低，次浪则吸收了首浪的高频部分能量，波高沿程增大；方墩涌浪力随结构尺寸的增加呈非线性增加的趋势，且均表现为谷值的绝对值显著大于峰值的强烈非线性特征；基于数值模拟获得的滑坡涌浪场，应用Morison方程可有效估算方墩涌浪力，并准确捕捉其时历特征，而谐波叠加法结合Morison方程的估算方法明显低估了方墩涌浪力.
Abstract:To study the propagation characteristics of three-dimensional landslide surges and the mechanism of the surging force on the square pier, based on the general moving objects model (GMO) module within Flow-3D, a three-dimensional numerical model was established to simulate the fluid-solid coupling interaction among the landslide mass, the water body, and the square piers. Firstly, by taking the site area of a continuous rigid frame bridge in a certain reservoir area as the research background, the propagation process of surges triggered by the entry of a potential landslide body into the water was simulated. The propagation characteristics of landslide surges were then explored based on the time domain and frequency domain analyses. Secondly, by taking the main piers and side piers of the bridge as the research objects, the characteristics of surging forces acting on square piers of different sizes were investigated numerically. Finally, a simplified algorithm for the surging force on square piers was proposed based on the Morison equation. The results were also compared with the estimation results obtained by the harmonic superposition method. The research shows that during the propagation of landslide surges, the head wave height decreases along the way; the secondary wave absorbs the high-frequency energy of the head wave, and it increases along the way. The surging force on the square pier increases nonlinearly with the increase of structural size and exhibits strong nonlinear characteristics where the absolute value of the valley is significantly greater than the peak value. Based on numerical simulation, the Morison equation can be applied to effectively calculate the surging force on a square pier and accurately capture its temporal characteristics. However, the evaluation method combining the harmonic superposition method and the Morison equation underestimates the surging force on the square pier.
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Key words:
- 3D landslide surge /
- fluid-solid coupling /
- square pier /
- numerical flume /
- surging force
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图 2 三维滑坡涌浪各测点波面时程曲线对比
Figure 2. Comparison of wave surface time-history curves at different measurement points for 3D landslide surges
图 3 某桥址区潜在滑坡涌浪三维数值水槽（单位：m）
Figure 3. 3D numerical flume of a bridge site area subjected to potential landslide surge (unit: m)
图 4 各测点波面位移及波高
Figure 4. Wave surface displacement and wave height at each measurement point
图 6 不同尺寸方墩涌浪力Fy时程图和频谱图
Figure 6. Time history and frequency spectra of surging force Fy on square piers of different sizes
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