电气化铁路绿电利用与零碳贯通供电技术

李群湛; 黄小红; 吴波; 解绍锋

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0258-2724.20250054

电气化铁路绿电利用与零碳贯通供电技术

doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-2724.20250054

1.
西南交通大学电气工程学院，四川成都 610031
2.
成都尚华电气有限公司，四川成都 610218

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目（52477125）

详细信息

作者简介:
李群湛（1957—），男，教授，博士，研究方向为牵引供电系统理论及电能质量的分析与控制，E-mail：lqz3431@263.net

通讯作者:
黄小红（1978—），男，讲师，博士，研究方向为牵引供电系统技术、新能源发电与储能技术，E-mail： hxhxj924@163.com

中图分类号: U223.5
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- HTML全文浏览量: 24
- PDF下载量: 7
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-02-17
- 修回日期: 2025-04-17
- 网络出版日期: 2026-05-14

Green Power Utilization and Zero-Carbon Feed-Through Power Supply Technology for Electrified Railways

1.
School of Electrical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
2.
Chengdu Shanghua Electric Co., Ltd., Chengdu 610218, China

摘要

摘要:
电气化铁路用能高度依赖以化石能源为主的公共电网，积极开展轨道交通可再生能源开发利用是达成国家“双碳”目标重要举措之一. 为大量、全面使用绿电建设“零碳”排放电气化铁路，提出一种零碳贯通供电技术方案及其零碳运行控制策略. 首先，分析电气化铁路新能源接入的基本方式，明确可再生能源在牵引供电系统中的接入点与能量流动路径. 在此基础上，构建基于贯通供电的绿电利用技术构架，利用贯通牵引网实现列车牵引与再生功率的自然流通，降低绿电、储能设备容量及其投资. 其次，提出涵盖绿电、牵引与储能的三元功率平衡控制策略：绿电按最大功率点跟踪控制，就地最大化发电；牵引变电所内储能装置按与电网购/售绿电协议规定的有功功率充放电控制，实现零碳运行. 最后，以实际线路为例对所提方案的有效性和经济性进行验证. 结果表明：零碳贯通不从电网获取化石电能，不对电网造成影响；当与电网之间交换的有功功率为0时，负序和穿越功率也为0. 贯通供电牵引网取消电分相，再生制动能量和绿电得到充分利用，所验证案例中，牵引变电所总的再生制动能量仅占牵引能量的0.6%，且全部被有效利用，光伏弃光率低于10%. 绿电和储能采用就地独立控制，显著降低了通信与潮流控制的复杂度. 结合重载铁路实际数据进行容量配置与经济性分析，采用充放电倍率为0.5 C的磷酸铁锂电池，储能配置容量为145 MW•h时即可满足零碳供电要求；依据年平均辐照与极端天气条件下的辐照度，全线光伏装机容量分别需配置45 MWp与83 MWp，成本回收年限分别约为5.9年与6.8年.
- 电气化铁路 /
- 贯通供电 /
- 绿电 /
- 零碳 /
- 三元功率平衡
Abstract:
Electrified railways rely heavily on public power grids dominated by fossil fuels, and actively carrying out the development and utilization of renewable energy in rail transit is one of the important measures to achieve China’s “carbon peaking and carbon neutrality” goals. To extensively and comprehensively use green power to construct electrified railways with zero-carbon emission, a technical scheme of zero-carbon feed-through power supply and its zero-carbon operation control strategy were proposed. First, the basic methods of new energy connection in electrified railways were analyzed, and the connection points and energy flow paths of renewable energy in the traction power supply system were clarified. On this basis, a technical framework for green power utilization based on feed-through power supply was constructed, and the natural flow of train traction and regenerative power was realized by using the feed-through traction network, thereby reducing the capacities and investment of green power and energy storage equipment. Second, a three-component power balance control strategy covering green power, traction, and energy storage was proposed. Green power was controlled according to maximum power point tracking to maximize on-site power generation; the energy storage devices in the traction substation were controlled for charging and discharging according to the active power specified in the green power purchase/sale agreement with the power grid, thereby achieving zero-carbon operation. Finally, by taking an actual railway line as an example, the effectiveness and economy of the proposed scheme were verified. The results indicate that the zero-carbon feed-through power supply system does not obtain fossil power from the power grid and causes no impact on the power grid; when the active power exchanged with the power grid is zero, the negative-sequence power and through power are also zero. The feed-through power supply traction network eliminates electrical phase separation, and the regenerative braking energy and green power are fully utilized. In the verified case, the total regenerative braking energy of the traction substation accounts for only 0.6% of the traction energy and is all effectively utilized, with a photovoltaic curtailment rate of less than 10%. Green power and energy storage adopt local independent control, which significantly reduces the complexity of communication and power flow control. Based on capacity configuration and economic analysis using actual data of heavy-haul railways, the zero-carbon power supply requirements are met when lithium iron phosphate batteries with a charge/discharge rate of 0.5 C and an energy storage configuration capacity of 145 MW•h are adopted. According to the annual average irradiance and the irradiance under extreme weather conditions, the installed photovoltaic capacities of the entire line need to be configured as 45 MWp and 83 MWp, respectively, with cost recovery periods of about 5.9 years and 6.8 years, respectively.
- electrified railway /
- feed-through power supply /
- green power /
- zero carbon /
- three-component power balance

HTML全文

图 1 沿线分布式绿电经配电线接入牵引变电所

Figure 1. Distributed green power along line connecting to traction substation via distribution line

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图 2 绿电分布式接入分段所

Figure 2. Distributed connection of green power to sectioning post

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图 3 绿电分布式接入和集中控制框图

Figure 3. Block diagram of distributed connection and centralized control of green power

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图 4 绿电接入异相牵引变电所

Figure 4. Green power connection to out-of-phase traction substation

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图 5 绿电接入同相牵引变电所

Figure 5. Green power connection to co-phase traction substation

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图 6 绿电接入电气化铁路贯通供电系统

Figure 6. Green power connection to feed-through power supply system of electrified railway

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图 7 直供方式绿电贯通供电系统

Figure 7. Green power feed-through power supply system under direct supply mode

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图 8 零碳贯通供电系统运行控制策略

Figure 8. Operation control strategy of zero-carbon feed-through power supply system

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图 9 绿电及储能控制策略

Figure 9. Control strategy for green power and energy storage

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图 10 优化配置运行结果

Figure 10. Operation results of optimized configuration

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图 11 储能SOC

Figure 11. SOC of energy storage

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图 12 光伏/储能出力

Figure 12. Output of photovoltaic and energy storage

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表 1 光伏和储能推荐配置

Table 1. Recommended configuration for photovoltaic and energy storage

牵引变电所	光伏	储能				弃光率/%
牵引变电所	功率/ MWp	功率需求/MW	容量需求/（MW•h）	循环次数/年	充放电倍率	弃光率/%
a	13	14	39	240.0	0.5C	3.3
b	12	15	38	232.3	0.5C	6.3
c	12	15	38	232.3	0.5C	6.3
d	8	14	30	240.0	0.5C	0.4

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表 2 极端情况光伏和储能推荐配置

Table 2. Recommended configuration for photovoltaic and energy storage under extreme conditions

牵引变电所	光伏	储能				弃光率/%
牵引变电所	功率/ MWp	功率需求/MW	容量需求/（MW•h）	循环次数/年	充放电倍率	弃光率/%
a	24	14	39	234.3	0.5C	2.0
b	22	15	38	223.2	0.5C	4.3
c	22	15	38	223.2	0.5C	4.3
d	15	14	30	234.5	0.5C	0.6

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表 3 牵引变电所牵引功率

Table 3. Traction power of traction substation

项目	数值
3 s 功率最大值/MW	12.5
24 h 功率平均值/MW	1.8
15 min 最大需量值/MW	7.0
折合年耗电量/（万kW•h）	1584.4

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