Analysis of Shear Strength Parameters of Waste SoilBased on Field and Laboratory Tests
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摘要:
现阶段关于垃圾土抗剪强度参数的研究大多基于室内垃圾土试样开展，通过室内试验获得的参数往往与实际参数有较大差别，导致垃圾填埋场变形计算误差较大. 针对室内试验引起的误差问题，依托在建垃圾填埋场封场修复工程，通过开展垃圾土现场大型直剪试验和室内小尺寸直剪试验，与文献试验结果相比较，分析垃圾土抗剪强度参数的影响因素和变化规律. 结果表明：垃圾土抗剪能力高于传统土体，随着剪切位移增加，剪切应力持续上升并趋于稳定；垃圾土密度与抗剪强度呈线性正相关，当密度从 750 kg/m3 增至 950 kg/m3 时，黏聚力从 22.5 kPa 增至 34.5 kPa，摩擦角从 36.7°降至 30.2°；室内小尺寸剪切盒试验所得黏聚力均值（14.91 kPa）较现场大尺寸试验（21.18 kPa）低 6.27 kPa，而摩擦角均值（35.17°）较现场试验（28.56°）高 6.61°.
Abstract:At present, most of the studies on the shear strength parameters of waste soil are carried out based on laboratory waste soil samples, and the parameters obtained through laboratory tests are often quite different from the actual parameters, resulting in a large error in the calculation of waste landfill deformation. In view of the error problem caused by the laboratory test, by relying on the closure and restoration project of the waste landfill under construction, the influencing factors and change laws of the shear strength parameters of the waste soil were analyzed by carrying out the large-scale field direct shear test and the small-size laboratory direct shear test of the waste soil and making a comparison with the literature test results. The results show that the shear capability of waste soil is higher than that of traditional soil, and the shear stress continues to rise and tends to be stable with the increase of shear displacement. The density of waste soil is linearly and positively correlated with its shear strength. When the density increases from 750 kg/m3 to 950 kg/m3, the cohesion increases from 22.5 kPa to 34.5 kPa, and the friction angle decreases from 36.7° to 30.2°. The mean cohesion value (14.91 kPa) obtained by the small-size laboratory shear box test is 6.27 kPa lower than that of the large-size field test (21.18 kPa), and the mean friction angle (35.17°) is 6.61° higher than that of the field test (28.56°).
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Key words:
- waste landfill /
- shear strength /
- field test /
- laboratory test /
- soil parameter
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图 8 不同室内直剪试验剪切位移-剪应力关系曲线
Figure 8. Shear displacement–shear stress relationship curves of different laboratory direct shear tests
图 10 不同尺寸下抗剪强度参数分布图
Figure 10. Distribution of shear strength parameters at different sizes
表 1 现场直剪试验结果
Table 1. Field direct shear test results
编号 竖向压力/kPa 密度/
（kg·m−3）黏聚力/
kPa摩擦角/
（°）100 200 300 X1 52.33 70.15 87.82 955.68 34.1 10.1 X2 52.55 70.06 87.66 951.70 35.0 10.0 X3 52.23 69.90 87.74 946.13 34.5 10.5 X4 57.12 76.51 97.31 964.44 36.8 11.4 
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表 2 生活垃圾土分拣试验结果
Table 2. Results of domestic waste soil sorting test
序号 塑料/
g布料/
g植物和
厨余/g橡胶和
玻璃/g其他/
g干重量/
g湿重量/
g1 130.3 39.8 90.1 23.9 238 522.1 1059.2 2 100.8 25.6 72 10.4 340.1 548.9 1023.9 3 95.9 2.5 89.1 63.2 438.6 689.3 1131.2 4 66.9 95.5 65.9 63 339.9 631.2 1001.6 5 88.8 30.6 89.8 85.2 384.8 679.2 1056.8 合计 482.7 194 406.9 245.7 1741.4 3070.7 5272.7
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表 3 各地区填埋场城市生活垃圾含水率
Table 3. Moisture contents of municipal solid waste in landfills of each region
序号 来源 填埋场地点 时间 含水率（%） 1 文献[15] 北京市部分城区生活垃圾处理站 2018年 46.85～52.36 2 文献[16] 广东省始兴、仁化和江门地区垃圾收集点 2013年 24.03～56.87 3 文献[17] 广东省海岛垃圾填埋场 2019年 48.26～60.22 4 文献[18] 上海市老港四期填埋场 2015年 52.60～71.20 5 文献[19] 上海市全市各垃圾处理站 2016年 54.27～64.59 6 文献[20] 杭州市典型地段垃圾中转站 2005年 48.80～65.10 7 文献[21] 大辛和老虎冲填埋场 2013年 46.54～74.90 8 文献[22] 湖北省铁门岗乡等生活垃圾处理站 2018年 30.01～72.60 9 文献[23] 天津滨海新区 2010年 52.04～56.59 10 文献[24] 四川省典型城市生活垃圾 2012年 55.83～59.41 11 文献[25] 芦家沟、寺儿沟等填埋场 2012年 29.20～55.64 12 文献[26] 湖南省重点典型城市垃圾处理站 2020年 36.25～47.75 13 文献[27] 西藏西藏乡村生活垃圾处理站 2020年 30.00～60.00 14 文献[28] 沈阳市大辛垃圾填埋场 2021年 57.88～63.11
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表 4 密度对黏聚力的方差分析
Table 4. Variance analysis of effect of density on cohesion
变异来源 平方和 自由度 均方 F值 P值 显著 密度 182.56 4 45.64 28.32 <0.001 显著 误差 56.89 15 3.79 − − − 总和 239.45 19 − − − −
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表 5 剪切强度参数的文献列表
Table 5. List of literature on shear strength parameters
来源 试样尺寸 填埋场地点 时间 黏聚力/kPa 摩擦角/（°） 文献[30] d=130 mm，h=76 mm 洛杉矶市垃圾填埋场 1990年 0 39.0～53.0 文献[31] d=63.5 mm − 1995年 0～28 20.0～39.0 文献[6] d=100 mm，h=200 mm − 2009年 0～33 14.0～39.0 文献[32] d=61.8 mm，h=20 mm 深圳某填埋场 2010年 4.5 30.6 文献[33] d=63 mm，h=34 mm − 2011年 16～40 28 文献[34] d=63.5 mm，h=40 mm 美国Tri−Cities填埋场 2011年 9 45.5 文献[35] d=61.8 mm，h=20 mm − 2012年 3.7 28.9 文献[36] d=180 mm，h=150 mm − 2015年 6.1～34.2 4.1～30.6 文献[37] d=434 mm，h=287 mm 加拿大填埋场 1986年 16～19 38.0～42.0 文献[38] d=1.5 m；l=1.5 m，h=1.5 m 纽约市垃圾填埋场 1995年 10 30 文献[39] d=250 mm，h=650 mm − 1995年 26 15 文献[40] d=200 mm，h=450 mm − 2003年 13 31 文献[41] d=618 mm，h=400 mm − 2015年 9.7～15.6 18.7～35.5 贺建清等[42] d=500 mm，l=500 mm，h=200 mm 湘潭市双马垃圾填埋场 2018 41.9 26.5
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