Impact of Interconnected Power Supply for Electrified Railways on Power Grids and Its Solutions
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摘要:
实现电气化铁路贯通供电，不仅需要解决铁路内部2个或者多个牵引变电所之间牵引网的双边供电，更重要的是解决铁路贯通供电给电网带来的影响. 本文研究对比单边供电系统与贯通供电系统对电网影响及其区别，结合电网合环规程，探讨双边供电的可实施性；构建贯通供电穿越功率计算模型，提出穿越功率监测方法以及树形供电、合建所和穿越功率利用3类穿越功率解决方案；在此基础上，综合负序治理和再生发电功率利用，提出多功能的智能牵引变电所方案，以消除对电网的不利影响，推动铁路更大范围实现贯通供电，取消电分相、消除无电区. 研究表明：在电网专用线供电情况下，若牵引变电所间距不超过80 km，双边供电时分区所的合环电压差不大于16.00%，相角差不大于12.00°，低于合环规程的规定值，符合要求，可以合环；与同相单边供电相比，贯通供电对电网产生的穿越功率问题可以得到很好解决，并且再生发电功率也能得到更好利用，技术指标优于单边供电.
Abstract:To realize the interconnected power supply for electrified railways, it is essential not only to address the bilateral power supply between two or more traction substations within the railway network but also to solve the impacts of interconnected power supply for railways on power grids. In this paper, the influence of single-end and interconnected power supply systems on the grid, as well as their differences, was compared, and the feasibility of bilateral power supply according to the grid loop closing regulation was discussed. A calculation model of through power for the interconnected power supply was developed, and a method for monitoring the through power was proposed. Three types of solutions for through power were introduced: tree-structured power supply, co-built substation, and through power utilization. A multi-functional intelligent traction substation was then proposed, integrating negative sequence control and regenerative power utilization to mitigate the adverse effects on the power grid. This can facilitate broader implementation of interconnected power supply in railways, eliminate phase separation, and address areas without power. The finding indicates that when power is supplied by dedicated lines from the grid and the distance between traction substations does not exceed 80 km, the voltage difference in the closed loop remains below 16.00% for a bilateral power supply, and the phase angle difference is within 12.00°, both of which are within the specified limits for loop closing regulation. Compared to the co-phase single-end power supply, interconnected power supply shows better performance in solving the issue of through power in power grids. Additionally, it enhances the utilization of regenerative power, offering better technical performance.
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图 1 同相单边供电和贯通供电空载示意
Figure 1. Co-phase single-end power supply and interconnected power supply under no-load condition
图 2 同相单边和贯通供电运行工况示意
Figure 2. Operation under co-phase single-end power supply and interconnected power supply
表 1 功率因数为0.95（滞后）时的电压差和相角差
Table 1. Voltage difference and phase angle difference at the power factor of 0.95 (lagging)
L/km 传输功率 200 MV•A 传输功率 300 MV•A 传输功率 500 MV•A ΔU/kV δU/% θ/（o） ΔU/kV δU/% θ/（o） ΔU/kV δU/% θ/（o） 50 3.49 2.74 3.23 5.38 4.23 4.78 9.44 7.43 7.74 60 4.23 3.33 3.85 6.56 5.16 5.69 11.60 9.13 9.16 70 4.99 3.93 4.47 7.77 6.12 6.58 13.85 10.90 10.53 80 5.77 4.54 5.08 9.02 7.10 7.45 16.17 12.73 11.85 
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表 2 功率因数为0.90（滞后）时的电压差和相角差
Table 2. Voltage difference and phase angle difference at the power factor of 0.90 (lagging)
L/km 传输功率 200 MV•A 传输功率 300 MV•A 传输功率 500 MV•A ΔU/kV δU/% θ/（o） ΔU/kV δU/% θ/（o） ΔU/kV δU/% θ/（o） 50 4.41 3.47 2.99 6.74 5.30 4.41 11.63 9.16 7.10 60 5.33 4.20 3.56 8.17 6.44 5.23 14.19 11.17 8.37 70 6.26 4.93 4.13 9.64 7.59 6.04 16.81 13.24 9.60 80 7.21 5.68 4.68 11.13 8.76 6.84 19.50 15.35 10.78
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