Research and Application of Electrical Twin with Acoustic Metastructures for Vehicle NVH
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摘要:
声学超结构因其独特的波操纵特性在车辆噪声、振动和声振舒适性（NVH）领域备受关注，但被动式声学超结构的低频带隙带宽窄且不可调，限制了其进一步的发展和应用. 为克服此难题，提出电控型声学超结构以灵活调谐带隙，并建立相应的电学孪生理论. 从经典的机电类比理论出发，基于有限差分法对Kirchhoff-love薄板建立了二维孪生电路；在此基础上，串联LCR谐振回路以形成超结构单元的孪生电路，引入可调电容以实现对电学带隙的调谐；从孪生电路中衍生出一种具体形态为螺旋型的电控超结构，并进行了仿真验证和应用实验. 结果表明：孪生电路可视为超结构在电学域中的精确映射，通过电控方式可有效调节超结构等效刚度，进而实现带隙调谐，其调谐规律可通过孪生电路进行高效预测与分析；所设计的螺旋型电控超结构对电动座椅的阶次跟踪降噪效果显著，在200～460 Hz的宽频范围内声压级平均下降约7.4 dB(A). 所提出的孪生电路有助于电控超结构的机电一体化设计，同时也为不同形态的电控超结构研究提供了理论范式.
Abstract:Due to their exceptional wave manipulation characteristics, acoustic metastructures have attracted substantial attention in vehicle noise, vibration, and harshness (NVH). However, the further development and application of passive acoustic metastructures are limited by the narrow and non-tunable low-frequency bandgaps and bandwidth. To address this challenge, an electrically controlled acoustic metastructure was proposed to enable flexible bandgap tuning, and the corresponding electrical twin theory was established. According to the classical electromechanical analogy, a two-dimensional electrical twin circuit for a Kirchhoff-Love thin plate was established by the finite difference method. Then, an inductance-capacitance-resistance (LCR) resonant circuit was connected in series to form the twin circuit of a metastructure unit, with a tunable capacitor introduced to achieve electrical bandgap tuning. Finally, a spiral-shaped electrically controlled metastructure was derived from the twin circuit and verified through simulations and experiments. The results confirm that the twin circuit constitutes an exact electrical-domain mapping of the metastructure. The equivalent stiffness of the metastructure can be adjusted by the electrical control, thereby facilitating bandgap tuning. The resulting tuning law can be efficiently predicted and analyzed by the twin circuit. The designed spiral-shaped electrically controlled metastructure exhibits a significant order-tracking noise reduction effect for electric seats, with an average sound pressure level reduction of approximately 7.4 dB(A) in the wide frequency range of 200–460 Hz. The proposed twin circuit contributes to the electromechanical integrated design of electrically controlled metastructures, and it provides a theoretical paradigm for the study of different types of electrically controlled metastructures.
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Key words:
- vehicle NVH /
- vibration control /
- acoustic metastructure /
- electrical twin /
- bandgap
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图 3 超结构单元的孪生电路及其衍生力学模型
Figure 3. Twin circuit of a metastructure unit and its derived mechanical model
图 4 电控超结构的具体形态
Figure 4. Concrete configuration of electrically controlled metastructure
图 7 超结构带隙特征及其与电流传递率的对比
Figure 7. Bandgap characteristics of metastructure and their comparison with current transmissibility
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