Numerical Simulation of Geyser Process Caused by High-Pressure Entrapped Air Release in Baffle-Drop Shafts
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摘要:
为解决折板型竖井在气爆过程中产生高速气水混合物而导致的结构及地面安全风险，采用数值模拟方法系统研究竖井内水体空泡份额和联络管直径对竖井压强和气爆强度的影响程度，分析竖井底部折板冲击荷载变化规律，提出在竖井中部设置限流孔板以控制气爆喷射强度. 研究结果表明：联络管压强随着空泡份额的提升先减小后增大，并在0.2～0.4内出现最小值；3种不同管径比中，联络管与竖井的直径比为1/2时，气爆喷射强度最为强烈；折板冲击荷载自下而上不断递减，同一折板上靠近中隔板和竖井壁一侧的冲击荷载均大于折板边缘上荷载；在竖井中部设置限流孔板能有效控制气爆强度，同时限流孔板受到的冲击荷载为竖井底部折板荷载的10倍；研究成果为城市深隧排水系统安全运行提供参考.
Abstract:To reduce the structural and ground safety risks caused by the high-speed air–water mixture during geyser events in baffle-drop shafts, a numerical simulation was conducted to investigate the influence of void fraction and connecting pipe diameter on shaft pressure and geyser intensity. The variation patterns of impact loads on the baffles at the shaft bottom were analyzed, proposing the installation of a throttling orifice at the shaft midpoint to control the geyser intensity. The results show that the pressure in the connecting pipe first reduces and then increases with rising void fraction, reaching a minimum within the range of 0.2–0.4. Among the three diameter ratios considered, the geyser intensity reaches its maximum when the diameter of the connecting pipe is half that of the shaft. The impact load on the baffles decreases continuously from bottom to top, and for any given baffle, the impact load near the partition wall and shaft wall is greater than that at the baffle’s edge. Installing a throttling orifice at the shaft midpoint can effectively control the geyser intensity, and the impact load on the throttling orifice is 10 times greater than that on the bottom baffle. These findings provide a reference for the safe operation of urban deep tunnel drainage systems.
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Key words:
- baffle-drop shaft /
- high-pressure entrapped air /
- geyser /
- pressure /
- impact load /
- numerical simulation
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图 4 联络管压强时程曲线对比
Figure 4. Comparison of time history curves of pressure in connecting pipe
图 5 各空泡份额对应联络管压强最大值
Figure 5. Maximum connecting pipe pressure corresponding to each void fraction
图 6 各空泡份额对应气爆最大喷射高度
Figure 6. Maximum geyser height corresponding to each void fraction
图 7 不同联络管直径下气爆喷射高度对比
Figure 7. Comparison of geyser heights under different connecting pipe diameters
图 10 不同限流孔板位置对气爆强度影响对比
Figure 10. Comparison of effects of throttling orifice positions on geyser strength
图 11 不同孔板位置折板A冲击荷载时程曲线
Figure 11. Time history curves of impact load on baffle A for different orifice positions
表 1 数值模型参数取值
Table 1. Parameters value of numerical model
h* p* V* S* 联络管
接入方式空泡份额
αφ* 0.167 0.5，1.0，1.5，2.0，2.5，3.0，3.5，4.0 0.026，0.052，0.078 0.478 竖井湿区 0，0.2
0.4，0.6
0.80.25，0.50，0.75 0.250 0.333 0.417 
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