Mechanical Characteristics of Large-Diameter Shield Tunnel Segment Structure under High Water Pressure
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摘要:
为探明大直径盾构隧道管片结构在极限荷载下的力学特性，首先，采用多功能盾构隧道结构体加载装置对苏通GIL综合管廊工程盾构管片结构开展原型加载破坏试验；其次，分析极限荷载下管片结构变形、内力、接缝变形、螺栓和钢筋应变等力学响应规律；最后，结合裂纹形态，揭示管片结构的破坏特征及机理. 研究结果表明：管片结构的变形呈“横鸭蛋”形态，弯矩呈现“蝶”形态，轴力呈现“圆”形态，最大单点变化率为10.3‰，最大正弯矩为
3896 kN•m，最大轴力为17099.28 kN；螺栓最大应变为1871 με，远小于屈服应变，钢筋最大应变为2213 με，超过其屈服应变；管片的形变指标安全余量为0.92～1.72，强度指标安全余量为0.10～0.16，强度指标先于形变指标达到极限破坏值，建议以钢筋屈服或主裂纹贯通作为管片结构正常使用承载能力极限状态的判断标准；管片裂纹开始于B3块管片中部，当荷载为1778.4 kN时，拱顶、拱底内外弧面多处裂纹贯通，内外弧面裂纹最大宽度分别达到4.5、11.5 mm，B3块管片钢筋屈服，管片结构因局部失稳发生破坏.Abstract:To investigate the mechanical characteristics of large-diameter shield tunnel segment structures under ultimate loads, a multifunctional shield tunnel structure loading device was used to conduct a prototype loading failure test on the shield tunnel segment structure of the Sutong gas-insulated metal-enclosed transmission line (GIL) utility tunnel project. The mechanical response laws of deformation, internal force, joint deformation, bolt and steel bar strain of the segment structure under ultimate load were analyzed. Based on the crack morphology, the failure characteristics and mechanisms of the segment structure were revealed. The results show that the deformation of the segment structure presents a horizontal duck egg shape, the bending moment presents a butterfly shape, and the axial force presents a circular shape. The maximum single point change rate is 10.3‰, the maximum positive bending moment is
3896 kN•m, and the maximum axial force is17099.28 kN. The maximum bolt strain is1871 με, far less than the yield strain, and the maximum steel bar strain is2213 με, exceeding its yield strain. The safety margin for the deformation indicator of the segment structure is between 0.92 and 1.72, while for the strength indicator, it is between 0.10 and 0.16. The strength indicator reaches the ultimate failure value before the deformation indicator. Reinforcement yielding or the main crack penetration is recommended as the judgment criterion of the ultimate limit state for the normal serviceability of the segment structure. Cracks of the segment structure first appear in the middle of the segment B3. When the load is1778.4 kN, multiple cracks penetrate through the inner and outer arc surfaces of the arch crown and arch bottom, with the maximum widths of the cracks on the inner and outer arc surfaces reaching 4.5 mm and 11.5 mm, respectively. The steel bar of the segment B3 reaches the yield condition, and the segment structure is damaged due to local instability. -
图 4 原型盾构隧道管片结构加载试验
Figure 4. Loading test of prototype shield tunnel segment structure
图 16 环向、纵向螺栓应变变化图
Figure 16. Strain variations of circumferential and longitudinal bolts
图 23 管片内弧面裂纹分布图
Figure 23. Distribution of cracks on the inner arc surface of the segment structure
图 24 管片外弧面裂纹分布图
Figure 24. Distribution of cracks on the outer arc surface of the segment structure
表 1 转折点螺栓应变
Table 1. Strain of turning point bolts
转折点 1号螺栓 2号螺栓 3号螺栓 荷载/
kN应变/
με荷载/
kN应变/
με荷载/
kN应变/
μεAi 1322.4 113 1322.4 193 1322.4 265 Bi 2530.8 1687 2257.2 1202 2485.2 1236 Ci 2758.8 1695 2827.2 1165 2827.2 1210 
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表 2 转折点弯矩、轴力
Table 2. Bending moment and axial force at turning points
转折点 弯矩 轴力 荷载/
kN弯矩/
（kN•m）荷载/
kN轴力/
kNAi 1413.6 1076.3 684.0 6281.6 Bi 2211.6. 3902.3 2439.6 16117.2 Ci 2827.2 3885.9 2667.6 16335.0
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表 3 转折点钢筋、混凝土应变
Table 3. Strain of steel bars and concrete at turning points
转折点 钢筋 混凝土 荷载/
kN应变/
με荷载/
kN应变/
μεAi 501.6 0 501.6 0 Bi 1983.6 2003 1983.6 1882
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表 4 管片结构力学指标
Table 4. Mechanical indicators of the segment structure
序号 力学指标 量值 最大值 安全
余量1 结构形变最大值T1/mm 31.29 59.99 0.92 2 纵缝张开量最大值T2/mm 4.74.00 12.87 1.72 3 螺栓应变最大值T3/με 935.91 1871.00 1.00 4 弯矩最大值T4/kN•m 3595.52 3924.03 0.09 5 轴力最大值T5/kN 14988.60 17186.40 0.15 6 钢筋应变最大值T6/με 2003.00 2213.00 0.10
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