干湿−冻融-盐侵作用下再生混凝土的寿命预测及敏感性分析

王晨霞; 张炜泽; 曹芙波; 韩慧超; 苏天; 肖胜先; 秦士杰

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0258-2724.20240403

干湿−冻融-盐侵作用下再生混凝土的寿命预测及敏感性分析

doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-2724.20240403

王晨霞^{1, 2,},
张炜泽¹,
曹芙波^{1, 2, ,},
韩慧超³,
苏天⁴,
肖胜先¹,
秦士杰⁵

1.
内蒙古科技大学土木工程学院，内蒙古包头 014010
2.
内蒙古科技大学内蒙古自治区建筑结构防灾减灾工程技术研究中心，内蒙古包头 014010
3.
中国二冶集团有限公司，内蒙古包头 014060
4.
山东理工大学建筑工程与空间信息学院，山东淄博 255000
5.
河海大学河海里尔学院，江苏南京 211100

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目（51868061，52368024）；内蒙古自治区自然科学基金项目（2022LHMS05011，2024MS05028）

详细信息

作者简介:
王晨霞（1977—），女，教授，研究方向为固体废弃物资源化及其耐久性，E-mail：wangchenxia77@139.com

通讯作者:
曹芙波（1976—），男，教授，研究方向为固废资源化和钢与混凝土组合结构，E-mail：caofubo@139.com

中图分类号: TU398.1
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-08-27
- 录用日期: 2026-03-02
- 修回日期: 2025-04-20
- 网络出版日期: 2026-03-16

Life Prediction and Sensitivity Analysis of Recycled Concrete Under Dry, Wet, Freeze-Thaw, and Salt Intrusion

WANG Chenxia^{1, 2
,},
ZHANG Weize¹,
CAO Fubo^{1, 2
, ,},
HAN Huichao³,
SU Tian⁴,
XIAO Shengxian¹,
QIN Shijie⁵

1.
School of Civil Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Science & Technology, Baotou 014010, China
2.
Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Building Structure Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Engineering Technology Research Center, Baotou 014010, China
3.
China Second Metallurgy Group Co., Ltd., Baotou 014060, China
4.
School of Civil Engineering and Geomatics, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China
5.
Hohai-Lille College, Hohai University, Nanjing 211100, China

摘要

摘要:
针对河套灌溉盐渍土地区再生混凝土结构耐久性不足问题，模拟该地区典型地貌环境，将混凝土试件置于干湿−冻融环境中以探究硫酸钠侵蚀规律与机理. 以混凝土类型、水灰比及硫酸钠溶液浓度为试验变量，选取质量评价参数ƞ_a、动弹性模量评价参数ƞ_b作为关键评价参数，建立综合损伤评价指标，并基于此进行两参数Weibull可靠性分析，同时，采用灰色关联度对各影响因素进行敏感性分析. 结果表明：普通混凝土的抗侵蚀性能优于再生混凝土，在第四次循环结束后，普通混凝土的ƞ_b值为再生混凝土的4倍；适当降低水灰比可提高再生混凝土抗侵蚀性能；在复合因素影响下，再生混凝土损伤由硫酸钠结晶膨胀作用与化学腐蚀作用共同累积导致，硫酸钠浓度越高，损伤发展越快，在3次循环结束后，RC-0.46-0%组ƞ_b值仍有0.051，而RC-0.46-10%组ƞ_b值为−0.066，试件已发生破坏；Weibull分布函数能有效描述再生混凝土的侵蚀损伤过程，通过建立加速寿命可靠度函数可直观预测试件的服役寿命，且预测结果与试验结果较一致；根据灰色关联度分析结果，在4次循环结束后，水灰比为0.53试件的ƞ_a值分别比水灰比为0.46和0.39的试件降低了0.36和0.65，而后两组试件的ƞ_b值基本一致，因此，水灰比是影响再生混凝土耐久性的主要因素.
- 再生混凝土 /
- 干湿−冻融 /
- 硫酸钠侵蚀 /
- Weibull分布 /
- 敏感性分析
Abstract:
To address the insufficient durability of recycled concrete structures in the Hetao irrigated saline soil region, a typical geomorphological environment in the area was simulated, and concrete specimens were placed in a dry, wet, and freeze-thaw environment to investigate the erosion regularity and mechanism of sodium sulfate. Concrete type, water-cement ratio, and sodium sulfate solution concentration were employed as experimental variables. The quality evaluation parameter ƞ_a and the dynamic elastic modulus evaluation parameter ƞ_b were selected as key evaluation parameters to establish a comprehensive damage evaluation index. Based on this, a two-parameter Weibull reliability analysis was conducted, and a sensitivity analysis of each influencing factor was performed using grey relational grade. The results show that ordinary concrete exhibits better erosion resistance than recycled concrete; after the fourth cycle, the ƞ_b value of ordinary concrete is four times that of recycled concrete. Furthermore, appropriately reducing the water-cement ratio can improve the erosion resistance of recycled concrete. Under the influence of multiple factors, the damage to recycled concrete is caused by the cumulative effects of sodium sulfate crystallization expansion and chemical corrosion. The sodium sulfate with a higher concentration leads to faster damage development. After three cycles, the ƞ_b value of the RC-0.46-0% group is still 0.051, while the ƞ_b value of the RC-0.46-10% group is −0.066, indicating that the specimen has already been destroyed. The Weibull distribution function can effectively describe the erosion damage process of recycled concrete. By establishing an accelerated life reliability function, the service life of the specimen can be intuitively predicted, and the prediction results are consistent with the experimental results. According to the analysis results of the grey relational grade, after four cycles, the ƞ_a value of the specimen with a water-cement ratio of 0.53 is 0.36 and 0.65 lower than that of the specimens with water-cement ratios of 0.46 and 0.39, respectively, while the ƞ_b values of the latter two groups of specimens are basically the same, Therefore, the water-cement ratio is the main factor influencing the durability of recycled concrete.
- recycled concrete /
- dry, wet, and freeze-thaw /
- sodium sulfate erosion /
- Weibull distribution /
- sensitivity analysis

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图 1 原混凝土强度检测

Figure 1. Original concrete strength testing

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图 2 模拟河套地区干湿−冻融循环实验制度

Figure 2. Experimental system for simulating dry, wet, and freeze-thaw cycles in Hetao region

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图 3 质量评价参数ƞ_a

Figure 3. Quality evaluation parameter ƞ_a

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图 4 动弹性模量评价参数ƞ_b

Figure 4. Dynamic elastic modulus evaluation parameter ƞ_b

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图 5 不同混凝土类型的微观形貌

Figure 5. Microscopic morphology of different types of concrete

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图 6 加速寿命数据概率图

Figure 6. Probability of accelerated life data

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图 7 退化分布曲线

Figure 7. Degradation distribution curves

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表 1 粗骨料性能

Table 1. Properties of coarse aggregate

类别	堆积密度（kg•m⁻³）	表观密度（kg•m⁻³）	针片状含量/%	压碎指标/%	吸水率/%
类别	堆积密度（kg•m⁻³）	表观密度（kg•m⁻³）	针片状含量/%	压碎指标/%	10 min	24 h
再生粗骨料	1396	2316	5.5	17.9	1.9	3.2
天然粗骨料	1516	2735	1.3	9.5	0.6	1.8

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表 2 粗骨料的粒径与级配

Table 2. Particle size and grading of coarse aggregate

骨料级配	粒径/mm
骨料级配	4.750	9.500	16.000	19.000	26.500	31.500
再生粗骨料	1.000	0.803	0.525	0.275	0.112	0.000
天然粗骨料	1.000	0.831	0.409	0.217	0.039	0.000

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表 3 配合比设计

Table 3. Concrete mix design

试件编号	水灰比	材料用量（kg•m⁻³）						高效引气减水剂/ %	28 d立方体抗压强度/ MPa
试件编号	水灰比	水泥	砂	普通粗骨料	再生粗骨料	水	附加水	高效引气减水剂/ %	28 d立方体抗压强度/ MPa
NC-0.46	0.46	391	804	1024	0	180	0	0.010	57.27
RC-0.53	0.53	340	827	0	1053	180	44.5	0.010	34.77
RC-0.46	0.46	391	804	0	1024	180	43.3	0.010	38.57
RC-0.39	0.39	461	773	0	984	180	41.7	0.010	44.84

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表 4 试件分组

Table 4. Specimen grouping

试件分组	水灰比	溶液浓度/%	抗压强度/MPa
NC-0.46-5%	0.46	5	57.27
RC-0.53-5%	0.53	5	34.77
RC-0.46-5%	0.46	5	38.57
RC-0.39-5%	0.39	5	44.84
RC-0.46-0%	0.46	0	39.23
RC-0.46-10%	0.46	10	37.49
注：NC表示普通混凝土，RC表示再生混凝土，小数表示水灰比，百分数表示NaSO₄浓度.

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表 5 K-S检验结果

Table 5. K-S test results

试件分组	ƞ_a	ƞ_b	D （5,0.05）
NC-0.46-5%	0.264	0.311	0.563
RC-0.53-5%	0.245	0.180
RC-0.46-5%	0.209	0.174
RC-0.39-5%	0.245	0.183
RC-0.46-0%	0.331	0.193
RC-0.46-10%	0.201	0.272

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表 6 参数估计值

Table 6. Parameter estimate

试件编号	m	θ
NC-0.46-5%	5.025	33.197
RC-0.53-5%	2.155	13.488
RC-0.46-5%	1.699	16.907
RC-0.39-5%	2.141	21.092
RC-0.46-0%	1.800	11.354
RC-0.46-10%	3.510	19.184

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表 7 评价指标关联度

Table 7. Correlation grade of evaluation indicators

评价指标	质量（排名）	动弹性模量（排名）
水灰比	0.858（1）	0.728（2）
抗压强度	0.790（2）	0.792（1）
盐溶液浓度	0.751（3）	0.702（3）
循环次数	0.582（4）	0.541（4）

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