基于惯性放大机制的钢轨结构弹性波调控研究

郭文杰; 翟玉柳; 罗文俊; 张鹏飞; 洪显

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0258-2724.20240262

基于惯性放大机制的钢轨结构弹性波调控研究

doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-2724.20240262

华东交通大学轨道交通基础设施性能监测与保障国家重点实验室，江西南昌 330013

基金项目: 国家杰出青年科学基金项目（52225210）；国家自然科学基金项目（52402425）；江西省自然科学基金项目（20242BAB214078，20224BAB204069）

详细信息

作者简介:
郭文杰（1991—），男，副教授，博士，研究方向为轨道交通减振降噪，E-mail：739633869@qq.com

通讯作者:
罗文俊（1979—），女，教授，博士，研究方向为轨道交通减振降噪，E-mail：lwj06051979@163.com

中图分类号: U211
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-06-04
- 修回日期: 2024-08-28
- 网络出版日期: 2025-11-08

Elastic Wave Control of Rail Structure Based on Inertial Amplification Mechanism

State Key Laboratory of Performance Monitoring and Protecting of Rail Transit Infrastructure, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang 330013, China

摘要

摘要:
列车运行引起的振动噪声问题日益突出，传统调谐质量阻尼器（TMD）难以实现针对钢轨的轻质宽频减振，鉴于此，引入惯性放大机制（IAM），利用惯容实现TMD的更大有效工作质量，从而增强对轨道结构振动的抑制；利用能量法与虚拟弹簧法提出一种新的复能带特性求解方法，基于该方法建立配置有IAM-TMD的钢轨结构的复能带分析模型，并利用有限元求解结果验证模型的准确性；在此基础上，以复能带特性作为评价指标，探究IAM对传统钢轨TMD减振效果的影响机制，分析IAM质量比、杠杆角度、阻尼系数对钢轨结构内振动波传播的调控作用. 结果表明：复能带虚部能够详细地描述带隙内部波传播的衰减过程；应用α=0.05，θ=10° 的IAM后，原TMD作用下的Bragg带隙由925～1260 Hz拓宽为881～1320 Hz，复能带虚部增大，衰减能力增强；IAM-TMD的减振效果与质量比、阻尼系数成正比，与杠杆角度成反比. 利用复能带特性对IAM进行了分析研究，其研究成果可为钢轨减振提供一种新的思路.
- 轨道结构 /
- 复能带特性 /
- 惯性放大机制 /
- 调谐质量阻尼器
Abstract:
The problem of vibration and noise caused by train operation is increasingly prominent, and it is difficult for traditional tuned mass damper (TMD) to achieve lightweight and broadband vibration reduction for rail. In view of this, inertial amplification mechanism (IAM) was introduced to achieve greater effective working quality of TMD by using inerter, so as to enhance the suppression of rail structure vibration. A new method for solving the complex band characteristics was proposed by using the energy method and the virtual spring method, based on which the complex band analysis model of the rail structure configured with IAM-TMD was established, and the accuracy of the model was verified with the solving results of the finite element method (FEM). On this basis, the influence mechanism of IAM on the vibration reduction effect of traditional rail TMD was investigated by taking the complex band characteristics as the evaluation index, and the modulation effects of IAM mass ratio, lever angle, and damping coefficient on the propagation of vibration wave in the rail structure were analyzed. The results show that the imaginary part of the complex band can describe the attenuation process of wave propagation inside the bandgap well. After the application of the IAM with α = 0.05 and θ = 10°, the original Bragg bandgap under TMD is widened from 925—1260 Hz to 881—1320 Hz, and the imaginary part of the complex band is increased, which implies that the attenuation capability of TMD is enhanced. The vibration reduction effect of IAM-TMD is proportional to the mass ratio and damping coefficient, and inversely proportional to the lever angle. The complex band characteristics are utilized to analyze the IAM, and the research results can provide a new idea for rail vibration reduction.
- rail structure /
- complex band characteristics /
- inertial amplification mechanism /
- tuned mass damper

HTML全文

图 1 布设IAM-TMD的钢轨结构

Figure 1. Rail structure with IAM-TMD

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图 2 钢轨结构振动传输特性计算模型

Figure 2. Computational model of vibration transmission characteristics of rail structures

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图 3 型函数个数收敛性分析

Figure 3. Convergence analysis of the number of type functions

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图 4 虚拟弹簧刚度系数取值收敛性分析

Figure 4. Convergence analysis of stiffness coefficient of virtual spring

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图 5 复能带结果验证

Figure 5. Validation of complex band results

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图 6 质量比对复能带的影响

Figure 6. Effect of mass ratio on complex band

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图 7 角度对复能带的影响

Figure 7. Effect of angle on complex band

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图 8 阻尼变化对复能带的影响

Figure 8. Effect of damping variation on complex band

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图 9 IAM-TMD对钢轨位移传递率的影响

Figure 9. Effect of IAM-TMD on rail displacement transmissibility

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表 1 周期性IAM-TMD钢轨结构模型计算参数表

Table 1. Table of calculated parameters for the periodic IAM-TMD rail structure model

部件	参数	取值
钢轨	密度 /（kg•m⁻³）	7850
	横截面积 /m²	7.745 × 10⁻³
	弹性模量 /GPa	210
	截面惯性矩 /m⁴	3.217 × 10⁻⁵
	剪切修正因子	0.4
	泊松比	0.3
TMD/IAM-TMD	主质量比	0.05
TMD/IAM-TMD	侧质量比	0.05

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