Experimental Study on Friction and Sliding Performance of Laminated-Rubber Bearings Based on Shear Aging Resistance
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摘要:
为探明板式橡胶支座在老化情况下的摩擦滑动性能，基于支座规范中抗剪老化的有关规定，对支座开展热老化试验及拟静力试验. 首先，构造桥梁工程中真实的支座工作状态；其次，通过老化箱对支座样本进行热空气加速老化处理，并通过压剪机对支座进行水平循环拟静力加载；最后，对比分析支座试件在不同加载条件下的变形状态、滞回行为及相关力学响应. 研究结果表明：在加载过程中老化试件的剪切变形程度较大，滑动程度较小，滞回环较狭长；支座的滑动位移与面压、加载速率呈负相关；支座剪切刚度随等效剪切应变先减后增，老化试件的剪切刚度降低，等效刚度增大；在支座使用阶段平均面压10 MPa下，2类试件的摩擦系数差异不大，均低于规范建议值0.20；老化试件的摩擦系数普遍大于未老化试件，而耗能不充分；未老化试件存在性能变化点，整体力学行为为三折线趋势，而老化试件的摩擦滑动行为稳定，在0～250%等效剪切应变过程中未出现突变点.
Abstract:To investigate the friction and sliding performance of laminated-rubber bearings under aging conditions, heat aging tests and quasi-static tests were conducted based on the related provisions of shear aging resistance in the bearing specification. Firstly, the actual working state of the bearing in bridge engineering was simulated. Then, the bearing samples were subjected to hot air accelerated aging treatment through an aging chamber and then to horizontal cyclic quasi-static loading through a compression-shear machine. Finally, comparative analyses were conducted on the deformation state, hysteresis behavior, and related mechanical responses of the bearing specimens under different loading conditions. The results show that the shear deformation degree of the aged specimens is large during loading; the sliding degree is small, and the hysteresis loop is narrow and long. The sliding displacement of the bearings is negatively correlated with surface pressure and loading rate. The shear stiffness of the bearings first decreases and then increases as equivalent shear strain rises, and the shear stiffness of aged specimens decreases; the equivalent stiffness increases. At the average surface pressure of 10 MPa during the use of the bearings, there is less difference in the friction coefficient between the two types of specimens, both of which are lower than the recommended value of 0.20 in the specifications. The friction coefficient of the aged specimens is generally greater than that of unaged specimens, and insufficient energy dissipation is observed. There is a performance change point in the unaged specimens, and the overall mechanical behavior shows a three-fold trend. However, the friction and sliding behaviors of the aged specimens are stable, and there is no sudden change as the equivalent shear strain increases from 0 to 250%.
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图 1 各加载阶段支座试件力-位移曲线
Figure 1. Force–displacement curves of bearing specimens at each loading stage
图 2 2类支座试件的滑动响应随γESS的变化
Figure 2. Variation of sliding responses of two types of bearing specimens with γESS
图 3 2类支座试件的刚度响应随γESS的变化
Figure 3. Variations of stiffnes responses of two types of bearing specimens with γESS
图 4 2类支座试件的摩擦响应随γESS的变化
Figure 4. Variations of friction responses of two types of bearing specimens with γESS
图 5 两类支座试件的耗能能力随γESS的变化
Figure 5. Variation of energy dissipation of two types of bearing specimens with γESS
表 1 老化箱设备性能及技术参数
Table 1. Performance and technical parameters of aging chamber
温度范围/℃ 温度均匀度/℃ 温度偏差/℃ 气体流量/
（L·min−1−55～160 [−2，2] [−2，2] 20～60 
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表 2 压剪机设备性能及技术参数
Table 2. Performance and technical parameters of compression-shear machine
竖向最大静
态荷载/GN横向最大动
态荷载/GN横向动态频
率范围/Hz横向最大
位移/mm20 2 1 ±600
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表 3 试验工况
Table 3. Test conditions
工况系列 工况编号 支座试件 面压 σ/MPa 加载速率v/（mm·s−1） G G-σ-v 未老化 4、6、8、10 1、2、5、10 A A-σ-v 老化 4、6、8、10 1、2、5、10
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表 4 支座试件变形阶段及变形状态
Table 4. Deformation stage and deformation status of bearing specimens
工况系列 支座试件 纯剪切变形 初始滑动 显著滑动 稳定滑动 G 未老化 
（0＜γESS≤50%） （50%＜γESS≤100%） （100%＜γESS≤200%） （200%＜γESS≤250%） A 老化 
（0＜γESS≤75%） （75%＜γESS≤150%） （150%＜γESS≤200%） （200%＜γESS≤250%）
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表 5 支座试件各变形阶段的位移响应
Table 5. Displacement response of bearing specimens at each deformation stage
mm 变形阶段 剪切变形量 摩擦滑动位移 未老化试件 老化试件 未老化试件 老化试件 纯剪切变形 25 38 0 0 初始滑动 45 73 5 2 显著滑动 78 89 22 11 稳定滑动 84 110 26 15
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表 6 两类支座试件的摩擦条件α
Table 6. Friction condition α of two types of bearing specimens
工况 老化试件 未老化试件 γESS=100% γESS=150% γESS=200% γESS=250% γESS=100% γESS=150% γESS=200% γESS=250% A-4-1 0.240 0.297 0.325 0.260 0.158 0.210 0.226 0.183 A-4-2 0.201 0.258 0.311 0.286 0.154 0.229 0.268 0.211 A-4-5 0.162 0.218 0.297 0.312 0.145 0.224 0.309 0.240 A-4-10 0.140 0.206 0.270 0.333 0.147 0.217 0.312 0.260 A-6-1 0.097 0.141 0.184 0.182 0.093 0.133 0.145 0.127 A-6-2 0.093 0.137 0.193 0.195 0.092 0.134 0.145 0.120 A-6-5 0.090 0.133 0.202 0.208 0.093 0.131 0.154 0.111 A-6-10 0.095 0.137 0.202 0.232 0.090 0.134 0.165 0.118 A-8-1 0.072 0.108 0.136 0.135 0.067 0.090 0.092 0.079 A-8-2 0.069 0.103 0.144 0.147 0.071 0.103 0.108 0.088 A-8-5 0.066 0.098 0.152 0.159 0.064 0.102 0.134 0.097 A-8-10 0.063 0.096 0.146 0.170 0.068 0.101 0.134 0.099 A-10-1 0.064 0.094 0.134 0.128 0.072 0.099 0.117 0.111 A-10-2 0.062 0.090 0.129 0.143 0.057 0.082 0.114 0.117 A-10-5 0.059 0.086 0.125 0.158 0.060 0.084 0.119 0.130 A-10-10 0.053 0.079 0.116 0.167 0.054 0.079 0.113 0.138
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