Large Deformation Control of Tunnel Surrounding Rock Based on Advance Stress Release and Grouting Reinforcement
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摘要:
为克服超前导洞用于软岩隧道围岩大变形控制时存在的局限性，深入分析软岩大变形特征及其存在的问题，提出基于“超前应力释放 + 环向（滞后）注浆 + 加长锚杆”的变形控制方式. 首先，借助软岩峰后刚度与强度统一劣化模型与统一强度准则得到超前导洞及正洞围岩的弹塑性解；然后，利用FLAC3D有限差分软件实现软岩峰后刚度与强度统一劣化模型的本构开发，得到超前导洞及正洞围岩的变形及应力分布；最后，对软化模量、注浆参数、超前导洞半径和两掌子面间距等影响因素进行分析. 研究结果表明：超前导洞可以有效释放围岩挤压变形，岩体松动破碎是造成释放层及正洞围岩变形过大、稳定性下降的主要原因，环形（滞后）注浆可以有效控制扩挖过程中的围岩松动变形，并改善围岩应力分布，提高围岩承载能力；软化模量取值越大时超前导洞围岩变形越大，注浆参数取值越大时正洞围岩变形越小，增大超前导洞开挖半径、增加两掌子面间距（超前导洞及正洞）均可使初始地应力释放更加充分.
Abstract:To address the limitations of using an advance guide tunnel for controlling large deformations of surrounding rock in soft rock tunnels, a deformation control method of “advance stress release + circumferential (lagging) grouting + lengthened anchor rod” was proposed after a thorough analysis of the large deformation characteristics of soft rocks and associated problems. Based on a unified model for the degradation of post-peak stiffness and strength of soft rocks and a unified strength criterion, the elastic-plastic solutions for the advance guide tunnel and main tunnel surrounding rock were obtained. Then, the constitutive model for the degradation of post-peak stiffness and strength of soft rocks was developed in FLAC3D finite difference software, and the deformation and stress distribution of the advance guide tunnel and main tunnel surrounding rock were obtained. Finally, the influencing factors such as softening modulus, grouting parameters, radius of advance guide tunnel, and distance between two tunnel faces were analyzed. The research results indicate that the advance guide tunnel can effectively release the surrounding rock deformations induced by compression, and the loosening and fracturing of the rock mass are the main reasons for excessive deformations and stability decrease of the release layer and main tunnel surrounding rock. Circumferential (lagging) grouting can effectively control the loosening deformations of the surrounding rock during excavation, improve the stress distribution of the surrounding rock, and enhance the load-bearing capacity of the surrounding rock. Larger values of the softening moduli
M c,M φ, andM E indicate strong surrounding rock deformations of the advance guide tunnel. Larger values of grouting parametersc g ,φ g , andE g indicate deformations of the main tunnel surrounding rock. Increasing the excavation radiusr 0 of the advance guide tunnel and increasing the distance between the two tunnel faces (advance guide tunnel and main tunnel) can make the initial ground stress release more sufficient. -
图 1 “超前导洞 + 环向注浆 + 加长锚杆”支护示意
Figure 1. Support of “advance guide tunnel + circumferential grouting + lengthened anchor rod”
图 4 围岩变形控制效果对比
Figure 4. Comparison of deformation control effects of surrounding rock
图 5 无导洞无注浆时正洞围岩数值模拟计算结果
Figure 5. Numerical simulation results of main tunnel surrounding rock without guide tunnel and grouting
图 6 超前导洞围岩数值模拟计算结果
Figure 6. Numerical simulation results of surrounding rock of advance guide tunnel
图 7 正洞围岩（注浆后）数值模拟计算结果
Figure 7. Numerical simulation results of main tunnel surrounding rock （after grouting）
表 1 围岩计算参数
Table 1. Calculation parameters of surrounding rock
材料 E/MPa c/MPa φ/（º） v 容重γ/kN·m−3 黏聚力软化模量Mc/MPa 内摩擦角软化模量Mφ/ MPa P0/MPa 围
岩初始值 2 800 3.2 32
0.2
20.5
400
1 800
12.2残余值 1 000 1.2 20 注浆后 2 500 2.6 28 
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