Seismic Failure Analysis of High-Pier Aqueduct Water-Stop Based on Fluid-Solid Coupling
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摘要:
为探究地震下大型高墩渡槽止水的性能表现，基于流固耦合方法建立渡槽结构有限元模型，模拟动力效应下渡槽-水体的非线性耦合行为，通过引入止水变形失效阈值，重现槽跨间止水的失效过程，模拟止水失效后槽内水体的外溢；依托某实际高墩渡槽结构，通过非线性动力分析得到渡槽的宏细观地震响应，包括槽墩应变、支座位移、止水损伤等，揭示不同支座类型、减隔震装置对渡槽抗震性能的影响. 研究结果表明：在罕遇地震下，槽墩、槽身不会发生显著材料损伤，地震下渡槽结构安全具有保障；但设计地震下，渡槽止水即发生失效，无法保障渡槽震后保持正常引水功能；加入钢阻尼器可有效控制槽跨的变形，保障设计地震下渡槽止水不发生破坏，但罕遇地震下止水不可避免发生破坏，强震下的槽跨变形控制依然面临着挑战.
Abstract:To explore the water-stop performance of a large-scale high-pier aqueduct under earthquakes, a finite element model of the aqueduct was established based on the fluid-solid coupling method, and the nonlinear coupling behavior of the aqueduct and water under dynamic effects was simulated. By introducing the deformation and failure threshold of the water-stop, the failure process between the aqueduct spans was reproduced, and the overflow of the water body in the aqueduct after the water-stop failure was revealed. Based on an actual high-pier aqueduct structure, the macro- and micro-seismic response of the aqueduct was obtained through nonlinear dynamic analysis, including pier strain, bearing displacement, and water-stop damage. The impact of different bearing types and seismic isolation devices on the seismic performance of aqueducts was revealed. The research results show that under rare earthquakes, severe structural damage will not occur to the piers and the aqueduct, and the structural safety of the aqueduct under earthquakes is guaranteed. However, under designed earthquakes, the water-stop of the aqueduct will fail, which cannot guarantee that the aqueduct will maintain the water diversion function after an earthquake. Adding steel dampers can effectively control the deformation of the aqueduct spans, ensuring that the water-stop of the aqueduct will not be damaged under a designed earthquake. However, the water-stop will inevitably be damaged under rare earthquakes, and the deformation control of the aqueduct spans under strong earthquakes still faces challenges.
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图 7 止水损伤因子和EVF随时间变化规律
Figure 7. Variation of water-stop damage factor and EVF with time
表 1 渡槽动力响应分析工况设施
Table 1. Working conditions for aqueduct dynamic response
工况名称 支座 挡块 阻尼器 PRB 盆式橡胶支座 无 无 FPS-R 摩擦摆支座 有 无 FPS-D 摩擦摆支座 无 有 
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表 2 槽墩混凝土最大应力
Table 2. Maximum stress of concrete in pier
MPa 工况 PRB FPS-R FPS-D DBE 1.31 0.31 0.95 MCE 2.14 0.91 1.58 VRE 2.66* 2.41 2.66* *注：主应力超过开裂应力，无法继续增加.
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