基于缩尺试验和离散元模拟的X形轨枕承载特性

陈成; 汤语嫣; 唐子桉; 张磊; 杨超

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0258-2724.20230590

基于缩尺试验和离散元模拟的X形轨枕承载特性

doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-2724.20230590

陈成^1,,
汤语嫣¹,
唐子桉¹,
张磊^1, ,,
杨超²

1.
武汉理工大学土木工程与建筑学院，湖北武汉 430000
2.
同济大学中国交通研究院，上海 200092

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（51708438, 52178353）

详细信息

作者简介:
陈成（1987—），男，副教授，博士，研究方向为有砟轨道沉降及离散元数值模拟，E-mail：chengchen87@whut.edu.cn

通讯作者:
张磊（1983—），男，副教授，博士，研究方向为土-结构相互作用，E-mail：zhangleigeo@whut.edu.cn

中图分类号: U213.31
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- 文章访问数: 101
- HTML全文浏览量: 39
- PDF下载量: 9
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-11-07
- 修回日期: 2024-04-26
- 网络出版日期: 2024-09-14

Bearing Characteristics of X-Shaped Sleeper Based on Scaled Test and Discrete Element Simulation

1.
School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430000, China
2.
China Transportation Institute, Tongji University, Shanghai 200090, China

摘要

摘要:
为研究新型X形轨枕道床承载力和横向阻力特性，开展X形轨枕与Ⅲ型轨枕道床刚度和横向阻力的缩尺模型试验，通过离散元法建立有砟轨道三维模型，并从细观上对比分析2种轨枕道床的竖向荷载传递机制及横向阻力. 研究结果表明：在最大竖向荷载时，X形轨枕道床的竖向位移（刚度）相较于Ⅲ型轨枕降低了约26.3%（提高了约46.6%）；与Ⅲ型轨枕相比，X形轨枕的横向极限阻力提高了约22.4%，有效提高了轨道横向稳定性； X形轨枕与枕间道砟的接触面积和应力均明显增加，轨枕接触力沿X形4个夹角范围扩散，使得枕间道砟充分参与分担荷载；由于X形轨枕的叉形结构能够提升枕间道砟的参与，使得道床刚度和横向阻力分别提升约29.2%和31.6%，与试验结论较接近.
- 铁路轨枕 /
- 离散元方法 /
- 道床刚度 /
- 横向阻力 /
- 缩尺试验
Abstract:
To investigate the trackbed bearing capacity and lateral resistance characteristics of a new X-shaped sleeper, scaled tests comparing the stiffness and lateral resistance between X-shaped and Type Ⅲ sleepers were conducted. A 3D model of a ballast track was established by the discrete element method to analyze the vertical load transmission mechanism and lateral resistance of these two types of sleepers at a micro level. The results indicate that at the maximum vertical load, the X-shaped sleepers significantly reduce vertical displacement (stiffness) by approximately 26.3% compared to Type Ⅲ sleepers (an increase of about 46.6%). Furthermore, the ultimate lateral resistance of the X-shaped sleeper is increased by 22.4%, which effectively improves the lateral stability of the track. The X-shaped sleepers exhibit a substantial increase in the contact area and stress with ballast between the sleepers. The contact forces on the X-shaped sleeper are distributed over four angular segments, making the ballast between the sleepers fully participate in the load sharing. Because the structure of the X-shaped sleeper can increase the participation of the ballast between the sleepers, the stiffness and transverse resistance of the trackbed are increased by about 29.2% and 31.6%, respectively, which is close to the experimental conclusion.
- railway sleeper /
- discrete element method /
- trackbed stiffness /
- lateral resistance /
- scaled test

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图 1 3D打印轨枕模型

Figure 1. 3D printed sleeper model

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图 2 缩尺模型试验的道砟粒径分布

Figure 2. Ballast particle size distribution in scaled test

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图 3 有砟轨道缩尺模型

Figure 3. Scale model of ballast track

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图 4 轨枕排竖向静载试验

Figure 4. Vertical static load test of sleeper panel

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图 5 轨枕排横向阻力试验

Figure 5. Lateral resistance test of sleeper panel

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图 6 轨枕竖向荷载-沉降关系

Figure 6. Relationship between vertical load and settlement of sleeper

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图 7 轨枕的道床刚度对比

Figure 7. Comparison of trackbed stiffness of sleeper

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图 8 轨枕横向荷载-位移

Figure 8. Lateral load-displacement of sleeper

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图 9 轨枕横向加载全过程

Figure 9. Lateral loading process of sleeper

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图 10 平均横向荷载-轨枕位移关系和横向极限阻力

Figure 10. Relationship between average lateral load and displacement of sleeper and ultimate lateral resistance

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图 11 道砟颗粒模型和休止角试验标定

Figure 11. Ballast praticle model and validation of repose angle test

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图 12 不同轨枕的离散元道床模型对比

Figure 12. Comparison of trackbed models of different sleepers by discrete element

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图 13 缩尺试验与缩尺模拟结果对比

Figure 13. Comparison of scaled tests and simulation results

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图 14 道床竖向承载力

Figure 14. Track bed vertical loading-displacement curve

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图 15 竖向荷载下道床内部接触力分布

Figure 15. Contact force distribution inside trackbed under vertical load

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图 16 道床横向阻力-位移曲线

Figure 16. Lateral resistance-displacement curve of trackbed

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图 17 道床横向阻力组成对比

Figure 17. Comparison of lateral resistance component of trackbed

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图 18 道床内部接触力分布

Figure 18. Contact force distribution inside trackbed

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表 1 3D打印材料（PLA）参数

Table 1. 3D printing material （PLA） parameters

参数	线径/mm	密度/（g·cm⁻³）	熔点/（℃）	拉伸强度/MPa	断裂伸长率/%	弹性模量/MPa
取值	1.75	1.26	176	48	7	3500

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表 2 缩尺试验相似数值

Table 2. Similarity parameters of scaled test

物理量	相似关系	相似常数
长度/位移/m	C_L	8.7
道砟密度/（kg·m⁻³）	C_ρ	1.0
内摩擦角	C_φ	1.0
轨枕弹性模量/MPa	C_E	10.3
轨枕集中荷载/N	C_F=C_EC_L²	779.6

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表 3 模型物理参数与接触参数

Table 3. Physical and contact parameters of model

模型部件	泊松比	剪切模量/ （×10¹⁰ Pa）	密度/ （kg·m⁻³）	摩擦系数
道砟	0.30	2.0	2700	0.55
轨枕	0.23	1.5	2800	0.85
钢轨	0.23	1.5	7800	0.85

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