Impact of Horizontal Ribs on Aerodynamic Characteristics of High-Rise Buildings
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摘要:
为分析高层建筑上外伸肋板的抗风工作机理，利用大涡模拟（LES）评估大气边界层来流下水平肋板对高层建筑的流场和风荷载的影响，对比不同类型水平肋板的抗风效果. 结果表明：水平肋板明显抑制了侧风面分离涡的形成，并拉长了尾涡；肋板会显著抑制建筑附近的竖向流，并在其附近诱导形成局部旋涡，最终导致近壁流动形式明显变化；流场的变化会影响风压分布和风荷载，水平肋板使建筑表面平均风压系数沿高度呈“之”字形分布，水平板明显降低侧壁面上平均和脉动风压，最大降幅分别约为20%和17%；对总荷载而言，水平肋板对平均阻力无明显影响，但能明显降低建筑上的脉动升力，最大降幅为27%；肋板的布置形式对气动特性的影响也明显差异，连续水平板通过改变近壁流、涡结构来影响风压分布和风荷载，而间隔水平板对风荷载的影响相对较弱.
Abstract:To analyze the wind-resistance working mechanism of stretched ribs mounted on high-rise buildings, the impact of horizontal ribs on the flow field and wind load of high-rise buildings under atmospheric boundary layer flow was evaluated by using the large eddy simulation (LES), and the wind-resistance effect of different types of horizontal ribs was compared. The results show that the horizontal ribs significantly inhibit the formation of the separated vortex near the sidewall and elongate the wake vortex. The ribs obviously suppress the vertical flow near the buildings and induce a local vortex near the ribs, which eventually causes significant changes in the pattern of near-wall flow. The changes in the flow field will lead to corresponding alterations in wind pressure distribution and wind load. The horizontal ribs can cause a “zigzag” pattern distribution of the mean wind pressure coefficient along the altitude of the buildings, and the ribs significantly reduce the mean and fluctuating wind pressure on the sidewall. The maximum reductions are about 20% and 17%, respectively. With regard to total wind load, the horizontal ribs have negligible impact on the mean drag, while they can significantly mitigate the fluctuating lift on the buildings, with a maximum reduction of 27%. The effect of the rib arrangement on the aerodynamic characteristics is also significantly different. The continuous horizontal ribs affects the wind pressure distribution and wind load by changing the near-wall flow and the vortex structure, while the influence of discontinuous ribs on wind load is relatively weak.
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Key words:
- high-rise building /
- horizontal ribs /
- LES /
- flow field /
- aerodynamic forces
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图 5 不同高度处水平截面上的平均流线和平均流速
Figure 5. Mean streamlines and mean flow velocity on horizontal sections at different heights
图 6 竖直截面上（y = 0D）的平均流线和平均流速
Figure 6. Mean streamlines and mean flow velocity on vertical sections （y = 0D）
表 1 肋板尺寸信息
Table 1. Dimension information of ribs
模型编号 d/D/% b/D//% h/D//% 1 6 50.0 2 25.0 3 12.5 4 20 25.0 5 60 25.0 
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表 2 网格信息
Table 2. Mesh information
网格 最小网格 最大网格 数量 /百万 x/y z x/y z 网格1 1/62.5D 1/300D 0.6D 1D 3.7 网格2 1/125.0D 1/600D 0.6D 1D 7.2 网格3 1/250.0D 1/ 1200 D0.6D 1D 13.6
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表 3 参考方柱LES结果及验证
Table 3. LES results of square column and verification
方法 文献 Re/104 AR ${\overline C}_{\mathrm{d}} $ ${C}_{{\mathrm{d}}1} $ ${C}_{{\mathrm{l}}1} $ St LES 网格 1 5.5 4 1.220 0.09 0.33 0.1 网格 2 1.147 0.10 0.30 0.096 网格 3 1.156 0.11 0.31 0.094 文献 [22] 5.5 4 1.20 / 0.41 0.1 文献 [23] 5 4 1.28 0.13 0.32 0.085 试验 文献 [24] 6 4 1.27 0.08 0.296 0.097 文献 [25] 7.3 3 1.29 0.102 文献 [11] 5.5 5 0.93 0.35 0.10 文献 [10] 5.5 5 1.08
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表 4 参考方柱和模型1～3的风荷载系数
Table 4. Wind load coefficients for square column and models 1–3
名称 ${\overline C}_{\mathrm{d}} $ ${ C}_{{\mathrm{d}}1} $ ${ C}_{{\mathrm{l}}1} $ 方柱 1.147 0.100 0.300 模型 1 0.146 0.102 0.232 模型 2 0.149 0.102 0.219 模型 3 0.145 0.101 0.218
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表 5 模型2、4、5的风荷载
Table 5. Wind loads of models 2, 4, 5
名称 ${\overline C}_{\mathrm{d}} $ ${C}_{{\mathrm{d}}1} $ ${C}_{{\mathrm{l}}1} $ 模型 2 1.149 0.102 0.219 模型 4 1.156 0.106 0.229 模型 5 1.153 0.103 0.261
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