Cause of Rail Corrugation on Ladder Sleeper Track
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摘要:
为研究地铁小半径曲线段梯形轨枕轨道上内轨波磨的形成机理，基于饱和轮轨蠕滑力引发的摩擦自激振动导致钢轨波磨的理论，建立导向轮对-梯形轨枕轨道系统有限元模型，模型中采用实体单元对扣件系统进行建模；应用复特征值分析和瞬时动态分析分别求解轮轨系统的运动稳定性和时域动态响应；研究了缓冲减振垫参数和梯形轨枕结构对轮轨系统摩擦自激振动的影响. 研究结果表明：饱和轮轨蠕滑力引发的频率为150 Hz的摩擦自激振动是小半径曲线段梯形轨枕轨道上内轨波磨的成因，预测得到的波磨波长约为69 mm，与实测结果很接近；参数敏感性分析表明增大侧向缓冲垫阻尼及铺设横向钢管间距为1.25 m的梯形轨枕可以在一定程度上抑制梯形轨枕轨道上的钢轨波磨.
Abstract:To study the formation mechanism of inner rail corrugation on the ladder sleeper track in the small-radius curve, a finite element model of the leading wheelset–ladder sleeper track system was developed based on the theory that self-excited frictional vibration triggered by saturated wheel-rail creep force causes rail corrugation. In this model, solid elements were used to model the fastening system. Complex eigenvalue analysis and transient dynamic analysis were applied to solve the motion stability and dynamic time-domain response of the wheel-rail system, respectively. Furthermore, the effects of the parameters of the cushioning pad and ladder sleeper structure on the self-excited frictional vibration of the wheel-rail system were studied. The results show that the self-excited frictional vibration with a frequency of 150 Hz caused by the saturated wheel-rail creep force is the cause of inner rail corrugation on the ladder sleeper track in the small-radius curve section. The predicted corrugation wavelength is 69 mm, which agrees well with the measured wavelength. Parameter sensitivity analysis shows that increasing the damping of the lateral cushioning pad and laying ladder sleepers with a spacing of 1.25 m between lateral steel pipes can suppress rail corrugation on the ladder sleeper track to a certain extent.
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图 1 导向轮对-梯形轨枕轨道系统接触模型简图
Figure 1. Contact model of leading wheelset‒ladder sleeper track system
图 2 导向轮对-梯形轨枕轨道系统有限元模型
Figure 2. Finite element model of leading wheelset‒ladder sleeper track system
图 3 导向轮对-梯形轨枕轨道系统的自激振动频率分布
Figure 3. Distribution of self-excited vibration frequencies of leading wheelset‒ladder sleeper track system
图 4 导向轮对-梯形轨枕轨道系统的自激振动振型
Figure 4. Mode shapes of self-excited vibrations of leading wheelset‒ladder sleeper track system
图 7 轮轨法向接触力的功率谱密度分析
Figure 7. Power spectral density analysis of wheel-rail normal contact force
图 8 不同侧向缓冲垫阻尼下轮轨系统自激振动频率的分布
Figure 8. Distribution of self-excited vibration frequencies of wheel-rail system under different damping levels of lateral cushioning pad
图 9 不同垂向减振垫刚度下轮轨系统自激振动频率的分布
Figure 9. Distribution of self-excited vibration frequencies of wheel-rail system under different stiffness levels of vertical damping pad
图 11 不同结构的轮轨系统的自激振动频率分布
Figure 11. Distribution of self-excited vibration frequencies of wheel-rail systems with different structures
表 1 材料参数
Table 1. Material parameters
部件 密度
/（×103 kg·m−3）弹性模量/MPa 泊松比 钢轨/轮对 7.8 210000 0.3 轨下垫板 1.19 12 0.45 铁垫板 7.8 173000 0.3 横向钢管 7.8 210000 0.3 混凝土纵梁 2.5 36000 0.2 
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