Infrared and Visible Image Fusion Based on Attention Mechanism and Illumination-Aware Network
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摘要:
部分图像融合方法未充分考虑图像环境的光照状况，导致融合图像中出现红外目标亮度不足以及整体画面亮度较低，从而影响纹理细节的清晰度. 为解决上述问题，提出一种基于注意力机制与光照感知网络相结合的红外与可见光图像融合算法. 首先，在训练融合网络之前利用光照感知网络计算当前场景是日间或夜间的概率，将其运用至融合网络损失函数中，用以指导融合网络训练；然后，在网络的特征提取部分采用空间注意力机制和深度可分离卷积对源图像进行特征提取，得到空间显著信息后，输入卷积神经网络（CNN）以提取深度特征；最后，将深度特征信息进行拼接用于图像重建，进而得到最终的融合图像. 实验结果表明：本文方法的互信息（MI）、视觉保真度（VIF）、平均梯度（AG）、融合质量（Qabf）与空间频率（SF）较对比方法分别平均提高39.33%、11.29%、26.27%、47.11%和39.01%；融合后的图像能够有效保留红外目标亮度，且包含丰富的纹理细节信息.
Abstract:Some image fusion methods do not fully consider the illumination conditions in the image environment, resulting in insufficient brightness of infrared targets and overall low brightness of the image in the fused image, thereby affecting the clarity of texture details. To address these issues, an infrared and visible image fusion algorithm based on attention mechanism and illumination-aware network was proposed. Firstly, before training the fusion network, the illumination-aware network was used to calculate the probability that the current scene was daytime or nighttime and apply it to the loss function of the fusion network, so as to guide the training of the fusion network. Then, in the feature extraction part of the network, spatial attention mechanism and depthwise separable convolution were used to extract features from the source image. After obtaining spatial salient information, it was input into a convolutional neural network (CNN) to extract deep features. Finally, the deep feature information was concatenated for image reconstruction to obtain the final fused image. The experimental results show that the method proposed in this paper improves mutual information (MI), visual fidelity (VIF), average gradient (AG), fusion quality (Qabf), and spatial frequency (SF) by an average of 39.33%, 11.29%, 26.27%, 47.11%, and 39.01%, respectively. At the same time, it can effectively preserve the brightness of infrared targets in the fused images, including rich texture detail information.
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表 1 特征提取部分卷积核大小与输出通道数
Table 1. Convolution kernel size and output channels in feature extraction part
卷积层 卷积核大小 输出通道数/个 Conv1-1 1 × 1 16 Conv1-2 3 × 3 16 Conv1-3 3 × 3 32 Conv1-4 3 × 3 64 Conv1-5 3 × 3 128 
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表 2 图像重建部分卷积核大小与输出通道数
Table 2. Convolution kernel size and output channels in image reconstruction part
卷积层 卷积核大小 输出通道数/个 Conv2-1 3 × 3 256 Conv2-2 3 × 3 128 Conv2-3 3 × 3 64 Conv2-4 3 × 3 32 Conv2-5 1 × 1 1
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表 4 红外目标分析
Table 4. Infrared target analysis
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表 5 客观评价指标对比
Table 5. Comparison of objective evaluation indicators
融合方法 MI VIF AG Qabf EN SF DenseFuse 2.3019 0.8175 3.5600 0.4457 6.8912 0.0352 FusionGAN 2.3352 0.6541 2.4211 0.2341 6.5580 0.0246 PMGI 2.3521 0.8692 3.5981 0.4117 7.0180 0.0344 RFN-Nest 2.1184 0.8183 2.6693 0.3341 6.9632 0.0230 SDNet 2.2606 0.7592 4.6117 0.4294 6.6948 0.0457 U2Fusion 2.0102 0.8197 5.0233 0.4263 6.9967 0.0465 DIVFusion 2.2226 0.9005 5.5595 0.3117 7.5932 0.0465 PSFusion 2.3082 0.9000 5.5979 0.5223 7.2529 0.0478 本文方法 3.1231 0.9008 4.7888 0.5578 6.8794 0.0489
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